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智汇词典a>成语词典完璧归赵完璧归赵的故事
完璧归赵的成语故事

拼音wán bì guī zhào
基本解释让完好无损的璧回归赵国。比喻把物品完好地归还原主。完:完整无损;璧:宝玉;赵:赵国。
出处西汉 司马迁《史记 廉颇蔺相如列传》记载:“蔺相如带宝玉去秦国换取城池,见秦王有诈,便凭着大智大勇,终于使宝玉完好回归赵国。”
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完璧归赵的典故
战国时候,赵王得到了一块名贵宝玉“和氏璧”。这件事情让秦国大王知道了,他就写了封信,派人去见赵王,说秦王愿意用十五座城来换那块宝玉。
赵王看了信,心里想,秦王一向是只想占便宜,不肯吃亏的人。这一次怎么这么大方呐?要不答应吧,怕秦国兴兵来进攻,要答应吧,又怕上当。他想来想去拿不定主意,就跟大臣们商量。大臣们也想不出什么好办法来。蔺相如知道了,对赵王,说:“大王,让我带着‘和氏璧’去见秦王吧,到那里我见机行事。如果秦王不肯用十五座城来交换,我一定把‘和氏璧’完整地带回来。”赵王知道蔺相如是个又勇敢又机智的人,就同意他去了。
蔺相如到了秦国,秦王在王宫里接见了他。蔺相如双手把“和氏璧”献给秦王。秦王接过来左看右看,非常喜爱。他看完了,又传给大臣们一个一个地看,然后又交给后宫的美女们去看。
蔺相如一个人站在旁边,等了很久,也不见秦王提起割让十五座城的事儿,知道秦王根本没有用城换宝玉的诚意。可是宝玉已经到了秦王手里,怎么才能拿回来呢?他想来想去,想出了一个计策,就走上前去,对秦王说:“这块‘和氏璧’看着虽然挺好,可是有一点小毛病,让我指给大王看。”秦王一听有毛病,赶紧叫人把宝玉从后宫拿来交给蔺相如。
蔺相如拿着“和氏璧”往后退了几步,身子靠在柱子上,气冲冲地对秦王说:“当初大王差人送信给赵王,说情愿拿十五座城来换赵国的‘和氏璧’。赵国大臣都说,千万别相信秦国骗人的话,我可不这么想,我说老百姓还讲信义呐,何况秦国的大王哩!赵王听了我的劝告,这才派我把‘和氏璧’送来。方才大王把宝玉接了过去,随便交给下面的人传看,却不提起换十五座城的事情来。这样看来,大王确实没有用城换璧的真心。现在宝玉在我的手里。如果大王硬要逼迫我,我情愿把自己的脑袋跟这块宝玉一块儿碰碎在这根柱子上!”说着,蔺相如举起“和氏璧”,对着柱子,就要摔过去。
秦王本来想叫武士去抢,可是又怕蔺相如真的把宝玉摔碎,连忙向蔺相如赔不是,说:“大夫不要着急,我说的话怎么能不算数哩!”说着叫人把地图拿来,假惺惺地指着地图说:“从这儿到那儿,一共十五座城,都划给赵国。”
蔺相如心想,秦王常常会耍鬼把戏,可别再上他的当!他就跟秦王说:“这块‘和氏璧’是天下有名的宝贝。我送它到秦国来的时候,赵王斋戒了五天,还在朝廷上举行了隆重的送宝玉的仪式。现在大王要接受这块宝玉,也应该斋戒五天,在朝廷上举行接受宝玉的仪式,我才能把宝玉献上。”
秦王说:“好!就这么办吧!”他就派人送蔺相如到宾馆去休息。
蔺相如拿着那块宝玉到了公馆里。就叫一个手下人打扮成一个买卖人的样儿,把那块宝玉包着,藏在身上,偷偷地从小道跑回到赵国去了。至于秦王会把他怎么样,他一点也没有考虑。
后来秦王发觉这件事,后悔已经来不及了,想发兵攻打赵国吧,赵国在军事上作了准备,怕打不赢。最后秦王只好放蔺相如回到赵国去。这件事情在历史上就叫作“完璧归赵”。
直到今天,人们谈起这段故事来,还对蔺相如的英勇行为翘大拇指哩。
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