吴许越成
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先秦]：左丘明
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吴王夫差败越于夫椒，报槜李也。遂入越。越子以甲楯五千保于会稽，使大夫种因吴太宰嚭以行成。
吴子将许之。伍员曰：“不可。臣闻之：‘树德莫如滋，去疾莫如尽。’昔有过浇杀斟灌以伐斟鄩，灭夏后相。后缗方娠，逃出自窦，归于有仍，生少康焉，为仍牧正。惎浇能戒之。浇使椒求之，逃奔有虞，为之庖正，以除其害。虞思于是妻之以二姚，而邑诸纶，有田一成，有众一旅。能布其德，而兆其谋，以收夏众，抚其官职；使女艾谍浇，使季杼诱豷，遂灭过、戈，复禹之绩。祀夏配天，不失旧物。今吴不如过，而越大于少康，或将丰之，不亦难乎？勾践能亲而务施，施不失人，亲不弃劳，与我同壤而世为仇雠。于是乎克而弗取，将又存之，违天而长寇雠，后虽悔之，不可食已。姬之衰也，日可俟也。介在蛮夷，而长寇雠，以是求伯，必不行矣。”
弗听。退而告人曰：“越十年生聚，而十年教训，二十年之外，吴其为沼乎！”
吴许越成译文及注释
译文
吴王夫差在夫椒打败越军，报了槜李之仇，趁势攻进越国。越王勾践带领披甲持盾的五千人守住会稽山，并派大夫文种，通过吴国的太宰嚭向吴王求和。吴王打算答应他。
伍员说：“万万不可！臣听说：‘树立品德，必须灌溉辛勤；扫除祸害，必须连根拔尽’。从前过国的浇，杀了斟灌又攻打斟鄩，灭了夏王相。相的妻子后缗方怀孕，从城墙的小洞里逃走，回到有仍，生了少康。少康后来做了有仍的牧正，他对浇恨极了，又能警惕戒备。浇派椒四处搜寻少康，少康逃奔有虞，在那里做了庖正，躲避祸害。虞思两个女儿嫁给他，封他在纶邑，有田一成，不过十里，有众一旅，不过五百。但他能布施德政，开始谋划，收集夏朝的余部，使其专心供职。他派女艾去浇那里刺探消息，派季舒去引诱浇的弟弟豷，终于灭亡过国和戈国，恢复夏禹的功业，祭祀夏的祖先，以配享天帝，维护了夏朝的天命。现在吴国不如过国，越国却大于少康，如果让越国强盛起来，吴国岂不就难办了吗？勾践这个人能够亲近臣民，注重施布恩惠。肯施恩惠，就不失民心；亲近臣民，就不会忽略有功之人。他与我国土地相连，世代有仇，现在我们战胜了他，不但不加以消灭，反而打算保全他，这真是违背天命而助长仇敌，将来后悔也来不及了！姬姓的衰亡，指日可待呀。我国处在蛮夷之间，而又助长仇敌，这样谋霸业，行不通啊！”吴王不听。伍员退下来，对人说：“越国用十年时间聚集财富，再用十年时间教育和训练人民，二十年后，吴国的宫殿怕要变成池沼啊！”
注释
1、夫差：吴国国君，吴王阖闾的儿子。夫椒：在今江苏吴县太湖中，即包山。
2、槜李：吴、越边界地名。今浙江嘉兴县一带。定公十四年，越曾大败吴军于此地。
3、越子：越王勾践。楯：盾牌。会稽：山名。在今浙江绍兴市。
4、种：文种，越大夫。太宰：官名。嚭：吴国大臣名，善于逢迎，深得吴王夫差宠信。
5、伍员：即伍子胥，吴国大夫。
6、滋：滋长。尽：断根。
7、过：夏朝国名，今山东掖县北。浇：人名。寒浞的儿子。斟灌：夏时国名，今山东寿光县东北。斟鄩：夏朝国名，今山东潍县西南。夏后相：夏朝第五代王，少康的父亲。后缗：夏后相的妻子。娠：怀孕。窦：孔穴。
8、有仍：国名，今山东济宁县。后缗是有仍国的女儿，所以逃归娘家。
9、少康：夏后相的遗腹子。牧正：主管畜牧的官。惎：憎恨。戒：警戒。
10、椒：浇的大臣。有虞：姚姓国，今山西永济县。庖正：掌管膳食的官。
11、虞思：虞国的国君。纶：地名，今河南虞城县东南。成：方十里。旅：五百人。伯：同“霸”。
12、女艾：少康臣。谍：暗地察看。季杼：少康的儿子。豷：浇的弟弟。戈：豷的封国。
13、长：助长。
14、不可食：吃不消。
15、姬：吴与周王朝同姓，姬姓国之一。
16、日可俟也：犹言指日可待。俟：等待。
吴许越成鉴赏
读了这个故事，很让我们疑心，这是否是后来添加上去的，因为伍员，也就是伍子胥，真的是料事如神，越王勾践卧薪尝胆，十年生聚，十年教训，竟然就在二十年后灭掉了吴国，应了伍子胥的预言。当然，这个故事没有造假，不是假冒伪劣产品，而是真实的历史事实。
这样我们的确要佩服伍子胥的眼光和头脑了。他是清醒的政治家、军事家，具有理性的精神和现实主义态度。他识破了越国在兵临城下之时媾和来保存实力的意图，援引历史教训来告诉吴王夫差，却未被采纳。
这又一次告诉我们：历史的经验值得注意！历史发展虽然不是重复循环的，但常常有惊人的相似之处，不认真总结经验，吸取教训，确乎要栽大跟头。夏朝第六代君主少康的“少康中兴”，就是一面镜子。国家虽然亡了，但留下了复仇的种子，为日后的复兴提供了火种。星星之光，可以燎原。少康就真的从小到大，由弱到强，灭掉仇敌，光复了祖先的业绩。
教训之二，是对陷入困境的“穷寇”，要穷追猛打，直至彻底消灭，不留任何祸根，不时敌手有任何东山再起的希望，也就是要灭掉“种子”。还是毛主席英明，他老人家早就手过：“宜将剩勇追穷寇，不可沽名学霸王。”鲁迅先生也极力倡导通打“落水狗”的精神，即使狗儿落入水中做出哀求的可怜状，也要通打之，否则，它一旦爬上岸来，又会咬人的。古人也总结过不能纵虎归山，要不然会遗害无穷。从这个方面来说，吴王夫差放过越王勾践，实在是养虎遗患，玩火以至自焚。
教训之三，从越王勾践的角度说，在明知对手强大时，及时的表示屈服，要求媾和，以便保存实力，另图东山再起，卷土重来，是迫不得已最好的选择。识时务者为俊杰。勾践不愧为识时务者，在即将亡国灭种的关键时刻，甘拜下风，屈居人下，以屈求神，保住了复仇的种子。留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
教训之四，要有坚韧不拔地坚持下去的毅力，事业终将成功。君子报仇，十年不晚。勾践大概是牢记住了这一点，并且再退一步，加上十年，用两倍的时间来为复仇作准备。这个过程也够漫长的，其中的屈辱辛酸，非局外人所能体验。以国君的身份，卧薪尝胆，这要有超出常人的毅力。在长期的艰难困苦之中，人的精神随时都会有崩溃的可能，随时都可能因挫折而彻底的放弃希望和努力。但是勾践坚持下来了。因此我们也要敬佩勾践，佩服他的坚韧不拔地向目标挺进的毅力。
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佚名《
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庄辛论幸臣》
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刘启《
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景帝令二千石修职诏》
左丘明简介
唐代·左丘明的简介
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丘明（姓姜，氏丘，名明），华夏人，生于前502年，死于前422年，享年80岁。丘穆公吕印的后代。本名丘明，因其先祖曾任楚国的左史官，故在姓前添“左”字，故称左史官丘明先生，世称“左丘明”，后为鲁国太史 。左氏世为鲁国太史，至丘明则约与孔子（前551-479）同时，而年辈稍晚。他是当时著名史家、学者与思想家，著有《春秋左氏传》、《国语》等。他左丘明的最重要贡献在于其所著《春秋左氏传》与《国语》二书。左氏家族世为太史，左丘明又与孔子一起“如周，观书于周史”，故熟悉诸国史事，并深刻理解孔子思想。
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刘崧
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零乱黄金错，参差碧玉筒。何似明月下，临水听秋风。
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东风解冻省试
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唐代：
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徐夤
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暖气飘蘋末，冻痕销水中。扇冰初觉泮，吹海旋成空。
入律三春照，朝宗万里通。岸分天影阔，色照日光融。
波起轻摇绿，鳞游乍跃红。殷勤排弱羽，飞翥趁和风。
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和李啸楼先生三醉木芙蓉原韵 其三
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：
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刘凤梧
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霜华争妒雁来红，时白时黄变幻中。太液遗芳今有主，莫因人去怅庭空。
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自遣
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明代：
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许继
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卧疴人事违，流景自如昔。年年溪南村，霜叶千树赤。
既为升平民，所好胡不得。耕凿给妻孥，相看至头白。