狱中题壁
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清代]：谭嗣同
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望门投止思张俭，忍死须臾待杜根。
我自横刀向天笑，去留肝胆两昆仑。(版本一)
望门投趾怜张俭，直谏陈书愧杜根。
手掷欧刀仰天笑，留将公罪后人论。(版本二)
狱中题壁译文及注释
译文
逃亡生活是如此紧张，看到有人家就上门投宿，我希望出亡的康有为、梁启超能像张俭一样受到人们的保护。也希望战友们能如杜根一样忍死待机完成变法维新的大业。
我横刀而出，仰天大笑，因为去者和留者肝胆相照、光明磊落，有如昆仑山一样的雄伟气魄。
注释
望门投止：望门投宿。张俭：东汉末年高平人，因弹劾宦官侯览，被反诬“结党”，被迫逃亡，在逃亡中凡接纳其投宿的人家，均不畏牵连，乐于接待。事见《后汉书·张俭传》。
忍死：装死。须臾：不长的时间。杜根：东汉末年定陵人，汉安帝时邓太后摄政、宦官专权，其上书要求太后还政，太后大怒，命人以袋装之而摔死，行刑者慕杜根为人，不用力，欲待其出宫而释之。太后疑，派人查之，见杜根眼中生蛆，乃信其死。杜根终得以脱。事见《后汉书·杜根传》。
横刀：屠刀，意谓就义。
两昆仑：有两种说法，其一是指康有为和浏阳侠客大刀王五；其二为“去”指康有为（按：康有为在戊戌政变前潜逃出京，后逃往日本），“留”指自己。
参考资料：
1、邓莹辉．中国古典诗词精鉴：华南师范大学出版社，2012年：260页
2、曹保平．中国古典诗词分类赏析 古诗卷：内蒙古文化出版社，1999年：333
狱中题壁创作背景
光绪二十四年（1898）是农历的戊戌年，是年六月，光绪皇帝实行变法，八月，谭嗣同奉诏进京，参预新政。九月中旬，慈禧太后发动政变，囚禁光绪帝，并开始大肆捕杀维新党人。9月21日，他与杨深秀、刘光第、康广仁、杨锐、林旭等五人同时被捕。这首诗即是他在狱中所作。
参考资料：
1、彭淑清．中小学古诗词曲选读与赏析（高中分册）：浙江大学出版社，2008年：301页
狱中题壁鉴赏
首先，赵文的解释使谭诗的第四句和第三句含义有所重复，这在绝句中是不大可能的。其次，这样解使得整首诗尤其诗的后两句的诗意表达总是不那么畅快淋漓，不仅不甚吻合诗人写作该诗时的悲壮慷慨之心情，而且也有异于先对象性描述后自我性抒说的绝句表达方式。再者，赵文似乎文字互有抵触。他一下子说“去留”是指代生死之行为，一下子又说“去留”是指代出走与留下之行为的行为者，究竟指代什么，文中含混不定。
翟南明确地认为：其一，“昆仑”不是指人，而是指横空出世、莽然浩壮的昆仑山；其二，“去留”不是指“一去”和“一留”，在诗人的该诗句中，“去留”不是一个字义相对或相反的并列式动词词组，而是一个字义相近或相同的并列式动词词组；其三，“肝胆”所引申的不是指英勇之人，而是指浩然之气；其四，“去留肝胆两昆仑”的总体诗义是：去留下自己那如莽莽昆仑一样的浩然之气吧！也即是“去留肝胆两昆仑”的意思。——此诗颇近文天祥《过零丁洋》“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”的味道。
我为什么这样解？因为我认为，解诗不能仅着手于词字，更要着手于诗的总体寓意，并且要尤其着手于诗人写作该诗的特定历史背景和特定心理状态。特别是对这样一种反映重大历史事件，表达正义呼声和抒说自我胸怀的作品，更要从作者当时所处的背景、环境和心情、心境出发去仔细揣摩。
大家知道，该诗是谭嗣同就义前题在狱中壁上的绝命诗。1898年6月11日，光绪皇帝颁布“明定国是”诏书，宣布变法。1898年9月21日，慈禧太后就发动政变，囚禁光绪皇帝并开始大肆搜捕和屠杀维新派人物。谭嗣同当时拒绝了别人请他逃走的劝告（康有为经上海逃往香港，梁启超经天津逃往日本），决心一死，愿以身殉法来唤醒和警策国人。他说：“各国变法，无不从流血而成，今中国未闻有因变法而流血者，此国之所以不昌也。有之，请自嗣同始。”诗的前两句，表达的恰恰是：一些人“望门投止”地匆忙避难出走，使人想起高风亮节的张俭；一些人“忍死须臾”地自愿留下，并不畏一死，为的是能有更多的人能如一样高风亮节的杜根那样，出来坚贞不屈地效命于朝廷的兴亡大业。诗的后两句，则意为：而我呢，自赴一死，慷慨激扬；仰笑苍天，凛然刑场！而留下的，将是那如莽莽昆仑一样的浩然肝胆之气！
“去留”的“去”字，这里是指一种行为趋向，意为“去留下”，“去留得”，没有很实在的意义。谭嗣同是湖南浏阳人。据我所知，南方方言和现在的普通话一样，下面这种用法是常有的：用“去”去辅助另一个动词构成一个动词词组或动词短语，而这个动词词组或动词短语的含义大致就是后一个动词的含义，如“去想一下”，“去死吧”，“明天去做什么”等等。这里的“去”字，并不表示空间上的去这里去那里，而是表示时间上的行为、事态之趋势和倾向。也就是说，“去”可表空间意义上的位移，也可表时间意义上的发生。从整首诗的意思来看，“去留肝胆两昆仑”中的“去”，应是时间意义上的“去”，而不是空间意义上的“去”。很多人的理解，包括赵金九先生，恰恰是把它当作空间意义上“去”。而我们所流行的各种解释，都是这样思维定势。我想，那时的官话或北方话也应有这种用法吧？“去”字的这种重要语义，《现代汉语词典》、《辞海》都有记载。
当然，“去留肝胆两昆仑”这样写，是诗句表达的需要——包括平仄，全部的含义在于指代自己如莽莽昆仑一样的浩然肝胆之气。实际上，直接从字面上去解，去留下如昆仑一样的“肝”（一昆仑）和如昆仑一样的“胆”（一昆仑），这不也一样表达了诗人的视死如归、浩气凛然和慷慨悲壮吗？正是那种强烈的崇高感和悲壮感，激励着诗人不畏一死、凛然刑场。而这句所表达的，正是那种震撼人心灵的、自赴一死的强烈崇高感和强烈悲壮感。
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佚名《
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荆轲歌》
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刘彻《
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秋风辞》
谭嗣同简介
唐代·谭嗣同的简介
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谭嗣同（1865—1898），字复生，号壮飞，汉族，湖南浏阳人，是中国近代资产阶级著名的政治家、思想家，维新志士。他主张中国要强盛，只有发展民族工商业，学习西方资产阶级的政治制度。公开提出废科举、兴学校、开矿藏、修铁路、办工厂、改官制等变法维新的主张。写文章抨击清政府的卖国投降政策。1898年参加领导戊戌变法，失败后被杀，年仅三十三岁，为“戊戌六君子”之一。代表作品《仁学》、《寥天一阁文》、《莽苍苍斋诗》、《远遗堂集外文》等。
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徐震堮
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虚堂风引隔湖钟，秋在西南八九峰。五尺瘦藤闲挂臂，溪山只觉欠从容。
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行香子 赠布凤华
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：
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张海鸥
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阳谷春华。小驻云车。凤来仪、孰与清嘉。山东漱玉，岭表鸣笳。
论诗中事，寰中友，镜中葩。
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和黄勉之怀五岳之作 其五 恒
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明代：
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王宠
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玄岳倚北极，翠屏千嶂回。山寒太始雪，地阔单于台。
石室金膏閟，玉华仙掌开。傥遇通微子，骑二青龙来。