思吴江歌
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魏晋]：张翰
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三千里兮家未归，恨难禁兮仰天悲。
思吴江歌译文及注释
译文
秋风乍起，落叶飘飞，吴江的鲈鱼新鲜又肥美。
离家千里想回又不能回，心中的愁思怎么也压抑不住，只能向天悲叹！
注释
木叶：树叶。
鲈鱼：即桂花鱼，古名银鲈、玉花鲈。体侧扁，巨口细鳞，身有桂花色纹，肉肥嫩鲜美。
思吴江歌鉴赏
读唐宋诗词，常常会遇到“秋风鲈脍”、“莼羹鲈脍”的典故，这典故就是出自张翰。这首短歌似是最早的七言四句押同部平声韵的作品，虽然句句用韵，句句有“兮”，未脱楚歌格调，但毕竟是向后来的七绝体式前进了一步。
“秋风起兮木叶飞”，出句即见其思情的发动。悲凉的秋风最易震动人们的节序之感和念远之情。从时间上说，秋常常意味着岁暮的到来，令人觉着时光的流逝、流年的虚度。从空间看，秋高气清，万木萧萧，视野一下空阔起来，不自觉中自有人在何方、家在何方之叹。《楚辞·湘夫人》有“袅袅兮秋风，洞庭波兮木叶下”的句子，自是此句之本；不过，作为张翰来讲，也不定是成心地仿效，实在是种语言定势、心理定势。秋风吹，使作者感到在洛阳羁留时间太久了；秋风吹，又使作者想起往昔的乡居生活、故乡风物，第二句就自然接上了：“吴江水兮鲈正肥”。鲈鱼，是作者故乡的特产，味极鲜美，秋季又正是鱼肥的季节。“鲈正肥”着“正”字，便与“秋风起”连上了，同时还流露了种“正”当其时、迫不及待的心情。
这首诗只提到鲈鱼一种。在一首简短的诗里因受字句限制，撮取其一已可，而这诗与那段动人的佳话互相呼应，则更增加了诗与事共同的魅力。如果再推深一层来看，作者写此诗的时候，那种浓浓的乡关之思是因为对于政治的失望与担忧而变得强烈的，这里却抛开对时局和本身遭际的任何感慨，将远离黑暗官场的深层心理转化为美食引诱的浅层的生理欲望，这不仅增加了诗的含蓄度，而且因为浓浓的乡关之思使它具有更为普遍的人生情感与意义。
“三千里兮家未归，恨难禁兮仰天悲”明白地点出了故乡千里未能归去的“恨”与“悲”，强化了前两句中蕴涵的情感，却远没有前两句含蓄深厚，滋味深远。与上两句的眼见秋风又起了，秋风吹落了树上的黄叶，家乡鲈鱼肥美，可自己却在这遥远的北方，远隔数千里，想回又回不去，做着与自己的期望相背的工作，怎么不令人伤悲。可悲的是这种伤悲还无人可以诉说，只能压抑在胸中。然而，终究是无法压制了，张翰仰头向天，发出了长长的悲叹。其中第三句“三千里兮家未归”说身在几千里外的异地，回乡的心愿难遂。这正是仰天悲的原因。第四句“恨难禁兮仰天悲”是诗前后因果相谇，气蛰如高山流水，潺潺而进，畅达自然。
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李梦阳《
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船板床》
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佚名《
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古歌》
张翰简介
唐代·张翰的简介
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张翰，西晋文学家，字季鹰，父亲是三国孙吴的大鸿胪张俨。吴郡吴县（今苏州）人。生卒年不详，葬于芦墟二十九都南役圩。张翰性格放纵不拘，时人比之为阮籍，号“江东步兵”。齐王执政，辟为大司马东曹掾，见祸乱方兴，以秋风起思吴中菰菜、莼羹、鲈鱼为由辞官而归。
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此水有傲骨，千秋出处艰。左行防陷泽，北注复归山。
白石漱不尽，贞禽去即还。流香莫嫌近，兰芷老逾悭。
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紫骝何处系垂杨，菡萏初分太液长。十万红妆齐衒色，三千彩袖各飞香。
游童戴叶翻歌扇，稚女穿花出画航。最是夜来添怅绝，湖南一路下新霜。
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长山谒范公祠四绝 其三
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明代：
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张吉
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拜相后先公与马，公多容色马多忧。若更庆历为元祐，公亦须忧到死休。
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晚至圣恩寺宿四宜堂
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清代：
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张冈
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暮随白云至，山月尚未出。言寻石门幽，谷口烟萝密。
欣逢采樵人，招我入禅室。昙花空外香，石溜岩下急。