咏愁
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宋代]：石象之
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来何容易去何迟，半在心头半在眉。
门掩落花春去后，窗涵残月酒醒时。
柔如万顷连天草，乱似千寻帀地丝。
除却五侯歌舞地，人间何处不相随？
咏愁译文及注释
译文
来时潜移暗度，去时慢慢悠悠；一半挂在眉梢，一半藏在心头。
春老花残红满地，半掩房门泪暗流；残月满窗深夜里，酒醒入去独淹留。
似一望无边的野草，风连浪续，细软轻柔；像一团绕地的乱丝，纠缠凌乱，无尾无头。
除了权势人家，谁能无虑无忧？看人世问时时处处，无论哪里都有忧愁！
注释
“门掩”句：李煜有“流水落花春去也，天上人间”（《浪淘沙令·帘外雨潺潺》）语，欧阳修有“门掩黄昏，无计留春住”（《蝶恋花·庭院深深深几许》）语，分别写亡国哀愁和少妇悲愁。
窗涵：窗棂，窗格子。
连天草：王维《出塞作》有“白草连天野火烧”句。
千寻：形容丝长而多乱。寻，古代长度单位，八尺为一寻。
帀（zā）地丝：遍地的丝绳。帀，“匝”的异体字，遍地、满地的意思。
五侯——公、侯、伯、子、男五等诸侯称五侯，这里泛指达官贵人。
参考资料：
1、侯健主编．《养生之道——历代名家诗词选》：中国对外翻译出版公司，2002年01月：第116、117页
2、傅德岷，李元强，卢晋主编．《宋诗三百首鉴赏辞典》：长江出版社，2008.7：第69、70页
3、吕晴飞 李观鼎主编．《中国历代名诗今译》：中国妇女出版社，1991年04月第1版：第873页
咏愁创作背景
石象之有过不寻常的经历，他在宋仁宗庆历二年（1042）中进士，后历任寿安尉、黄声簿、义乌令，后转太常丞。四十八岁时曾一度致仕居家，他晚年在宅子的西南角开园圃种花木，优游自乐地生活了二十余年。他深深地理解了忧愁。于是他就写下了这首鲜明生动的《咏愁》。
参考资料：
1、侯健主编．《养生箴言——历代名家养生诗欣赏》：中国对外翻译出版公司，1995.11：第116、117页
2、侯健主编．《养生之道——历代名家诗词选》：中国对外翻译出版公司，2002年01月：第116、117页
咏愁鉴赏
该诗首联追寻“愁”的踪迹。大千世界，“愁”不会有人主动喜欢，但却无影无踪无时不在人的身边，有时会不请自来，来了又赶不走，它来了总是一半藏在人的心里——“愁肠百结”，一半写在人的心灵之窗——“愁眉苦脸”。
颔联揭露“愁”潜入的时机。深谙愁苦的人总会把“愁”贮藏在心房僻远的角落里，再筑起精神防线提防它侵袭，可“愁”欺人时，它会随机而出，无孔不入。诗人认为“愁”最容易潜入的机会有二，一是风雨摧花春归去，落英遍地孤者见，最能使人愁肠寸断，思虑万千，如李煜《浪淘沙》“流水落花春去也，天上人间”的亡国哀愁；欧阳修《蝶恋花》“门掩黄昏，无计留春住。泪眼问花花不语，乱红飞过秋千去”的青春少妇被抛弃之悲愁。二是心中有愁情的人借酒浇愁，待酒醒后眼见残月斜照窗棂，想到人的“悲欢离合”、月的“阴晴圆缺”，“愁”会冲破防线，悄悄爬上心头，使人更加愁肠百结，忧愁悲伤，愁人之“愁”会“眉间心上，无计相回避”（范仲淹《御街行》）。此联可能是作者的经验之谈。
颈联写“愁”的情状。苦恼的忧愁如藏在愁人的心中，印在愁人的眉间，那愁人就会感觉到“愁”像万顷连天草铺天而下挥不去，就像千万条盖地丝绳网冲不破，他被严严盖住、紧紧捆住，困在其中，痛苦不堪。想挣脱这“柔”若草“乱”若丝的“愁”绪实叫人无可奈何。
尾联写“愁”无处不在。“愁”如此气人、欺人、恼人，可能那些王侯将相达官贵人们过着花天酒地、醉生梦死、姬歌妾舞、骄奢淫逸的生活，不知愁为何物，除此之外，“愁”乃“人问何处不相随”。
“愁”究竟为何物，曹植《释愁文》有此一释：“愁之为物，惟惚惟帆。不召自来，推之弗往。寻之不知其际，握之不盈一掌。寂寂长夜，或群或党。去来无方，乱我精爽”。
这首《咏愁》诗如李商隐咏《泪》诗写泪而不见“泪”字，此《咏愁》诗也满篇不见“愁”字，这类诗近似制谜语的文字游戏，都以巧丽取胜，真如前人所评“格虽不高，却有神无迹”。
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柳永《
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满庭芳·茉莉花》
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陆龟蒙《
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白莲》
石象之简介
唐代·石象之的简介
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石象之，生卒年不详，北宋文人。字简夫，越州新昌（今属浙江）人，石待聘之子。仁宗庆历二年（1042）进士，官太常博士、太子中允，以文学名世。
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