题小松
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唐代]：李商隐
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怜君孤秀植庭中，细叶轻阴满座风。
桃李盛时虽寂寞，雪霜多后始青葱。
一年几变枯荣事，百尺方资柱石功。
为谢西园车马客，定悲摇落尽成空。
题小松译文及注释
译文
我喜爱这庭院中俊秀独立的小松，枝叶细小树荫轻淡带来满座清风。
桃李争芳吐艳时你虽然默默无闻，霜雪降下后方显得那么郁郁葱葱。
草木在一年内有几次枯荣的变化，小松长到百尺便有了栋梁的功用。
替我告诉乘车去西园游赏的人们，定会悲叹那园中花草已凋零一空。
注释
孤秀：孤傲秀拔。
轻阴：指松树覆盖下的树荫。
盛时：这里是指春天桃花和李花盛开的时候。
青葱：形容松树充满了生命活力的长势。
一年几变：指非常绿植物的生态和长势随着季节的变化而变化。枯：指草木之花凋谢，草木枯萎。荣：指草木开花。
百尺：形容高大，是就小松将来的发展而言。方资：正可用作。柱石功：栋梁之材的功用。
为谢：因为这个原因而相告。谢，是告诉、相告的意思。西园：泛指一般园林。车马客：指乘车马去西园游赏的人们。
摇落：凋谢，衰败。
参考资料：
1、蘅塘退士等．唐诗三百首：内蒙古文化出版社，2006：523
2、刘静生．李商隐抒情诗艺术透视：中国华侨出版公司，1990：122-125
3、薛晴．中华美德古诗选读：科学普及出版社，2002：123
题小松创作背景
从李商隐的生平经历说，他少年早慧，品行高洁，有才华，有抱负。早年曾受令狐楚、令狐绹父子提携。令狐父子属牛党，王茂元则接近李党；于是李商隐便不幸被卷入牛李党争的旋涡之中，成了政治的牺牲品，他一生坎坷不平，襟怀未展，壮志未酬。于是借小松写自己的傲然高洁，创作了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、黄勇．唐诗基础百科：广西美术出版社，2013：130
题小松鉴赏
这是一首咏物诗。诗以“怜”起，以“怜”贯通全篇。“怜”，兼含同情及爱怜、欣赏的意思。诗人同情小松的“寂寞”：在阳春三月桃李争艳的季节，它孤独地挺立在庭院中，被人冷落。诗人又赞赏它的无私：在盛夏炎日中，它默默地以“细叶轻荫”给人们带来满座的清风。诗人更欣赏的是在那霜雪凛冽的严冬，它非但没有枯黄，倒愈显得郁都葱葱。开篇这四句，通过对小松四时遭际的描绘，写出了它坚贞挺拔、不随流俗、傲霜斗雪的风姿。值得注意的是，这里咏的不是繁叶如云盖，老枝似盘虬的老松，而是一株枝叶未茂的小松，因此诗人很精心地用一“秀”字来形容它，令人想到其枝干的纤细，柔韧，犹如一位英俊少年亭亭玉立于庭院之中。同样，以“细”状其叶，以“轻”状其荫，都是抓住了小松不同于老松的特征而加以刻画的。从“秀”、“细”、“轻”这几个字眼中，不难体会到诗人的爱怜之情。
后面的四句写诗人对小松的殷切期待：百花虽盛，但好景不长。花开花落，“一年几变枯荣事”。而小松独耐寂寞，不管春风秋雨、夏炎冬寒，锤炼其坚贞之性。待到它长成百尺苍松之时，即可成就其栋梁之功了。百花本是“一岁一枯荣”（白居易《赋得古原草送别》），而诗人在这里却说“一年几变”。这是夸大百花“枯荣”之易来强调小松成材之难，以百花之“变”来反衬小松之坚定。最后，诗人对那些不知“怜”松、只会赏花的“西园车马客”说：“等到雪飞霜落的季节，百花纷纷凋零，你们将感到悲哀失望了。”语气间充满了对小松必定成材的信心，“怜”松之情溢于言表。
在表现手法上，此诗有一个显著特点，即对比手法的运用。诗中以桃李春日之盛来衬托小松的“孤秀”，以桃李冬日之“摇落”来衬托小松的“青葱”，以桃李的“枯荣事”来衬托小松的“柱石功”，使小松的刚劲挺拔、生动勃勃表现得格外鲜明，给人以深刻印象。
清代王士祯说：“咏物之作，须如禅家所谓不粘不脱，不即不离，乃为上乘”（《带经堂诗话》）。此诗全篇八句，未着一“松”字，却句句写松，不仅写小松的形貌，还写了小松的品格、精神，更妙的是还通过写松来写人。反复吟诵，字里行间仿佛挺立着一个抱志守节，傲岸不屈的正人君子的身影，在他的周围是一群趋炎附势的西园赏花客。“怜”松即怜人也。似彼似此，不即不离，正是此诗艺术表现的高妙之处。
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虞世南《
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咏萤》
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刘绘《
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咏萍》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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和朱少府苦雨
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宋代：
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宋祁
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滞淹连春晦，层阴接夜分。
骁壶惟发电，愁栋但生云。