念奴娇·春雪咏兰
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明代]：陈子龙
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问天何意，到春深，千里龙山飞雪？解佩凌波人不见，漫说蕊珠宫阙。楚殿烟微，湘潭月冷，料得都攀折。嫣然幽谷，只愁又听啼鴂。
当日九畹光风，数茎清露，纤手分花叶。曾在多情怀袖里，一缕同心千结。玉腕香销，云鬟雾掩，空赠金跳脱。洛滨江上，寻芳再望佳节。
念奴娇·春雪咏兰译文及注释
译文
我问老天这究竟是为什么，已经是阳春三月， 龙山一带却还千里飞雪？凌波而来送我玉佩的您不见了，还说什么龙宫仙阙。南方宫殿已经如烟销云散，连倒映在水中的月亮也显得寒冷。料想那里的花全都给折断，只有我还在这深山中顾影自怜，“不如归去”的啼声让人悲痛欲绝。
回想当年九畹种兰花的情形，那么多的花含着清彻的露珠，是您亲手为我们分开花叶。我曾经投入您多情的怀抱，气味相投我们同心相结。您却走了，玉殒香销，连美丽的身影也消失在浓雾之中，白白里留下送给我的金跳脱。我在洛水之滨，寻找着再度降临的美好时节。
注释
念奴娇：词牌名，又名《百字令》《酹江月》《大江东去》，双调一百字，上下片各四仄韵，一韵到底。
解佩凌波：指江妃、洛神，以美人象征国君。
蕊珠：道教经典中所说的仙宫。
嫣然：美好的样子。
鴂（jué）：杜鹃。
九畹：《楚辞·离骚》：“余既滋兰之九畹兮，又树薰之百亩。”后以“九畹”为兰花的典实。
金跳脱：一种妇女戴的首饰。
洛滨江上：指洛水与江水之滨，照应前洛神、江妃。
参考资料：
1、徐寒主编．历代古词鉴赏 下：中国书店，2011.06：第559页
2、柳文耀．水流花落：大众文艺出版社，2010.03：第103页
念奴娇·春雪咏兰创作背景
这首词约作于清顺治四年（1647）三月，时作者隐居于幽谷。作者为了寄托自己深深的爱国情愫以及表达自己内心报国无门的情感而写下这首诗。
参考资料：
1、上海辞书出版社文学鉴赏辞典编纂中心编．元明清词三百首鉴赏辞典：上海辞书出版社，2008年08月：第201-202页
念奴娇·春雪咏兰鉴赏
词开头“问天何意，到春深、千里龙山飞雪？”即化用南朝宋鲍照《学刘公干体》“胡风吹朔雪，千里度龙山”句意，以问句领起。作者责问老天，为什么会在春意正盛的时节千里迢迢送来北方寒山的飞雪。“春深”而有“飞雪”，反常且令人痛苦，这幕情景实际是隐喻明朝的美好河山竞遭受清军铁蹄蹂躏。下面两句，谓大雪漫空飞舞，解佩相赠的汉皋游女和凌波微步的洛水宓妃都不见踪影，更何况天界的仙宫宝阙。这里“解佩凌波”当喻指抗清的志士。“人不见”，则是说他们多遭不幸。以下便转入题中之“咏兰”。“楚殿”、“湘潭”，所用地名令人联想到流放沅湘的战国楚伟大诗人屈原。“烟微”、“月冷”都是凄迷之景，见出作者的惆怅悲苦。而幽兰皆遭“攀折”，就是他心怀恻怆的原因。歇拍作者以空谷幽兰自拟，用《离骚》“恐鹈鴂之先鸣兮，使夫百草为之不芳”的典故，表达他的伤时之情。作者在清顺治二年（1645）松江起义兵败后，曾一度隐居，此处“幽谷”云云，即指此。
下片换头回忆往事，“九畹”用上引《离骚》句意，“光风”用《招魂》“光风转蕙，氾崇兰些”句意，表现幽兰在佳人的“纤手”中流芬扬馥的情状，隐喻自己深受大明王朝的国恩。“数茎清露”，象征着作者高洁的情操和忠贞的气节。这里将香草关人结合起来，比兴之义尤为精微。下面两句，进一步用“多情怀袖”、“同心千结”倾诉自己的忠爱缠绵意绪，“多情怀袖”承上文之“纤手”，“同心千结”承上文之“花叶”。这几句“当日”、“曾在”应是指崇祯朝之事，此后则“玉腕香消，云鬟雾掩，空赠金跳脱”，也就是说他的报国之心不被理解，颇和明珠投暗之恨。联系作者身世，他在南明弘光时数次上书指陈时政，均未受重视，遂辞职归家．这里的“空赠金跳脱”便不难索解，“空赠”两字。惋惜之意极浓，实在是感慨万端之语。而“香消”、“雾掩”，也隐含对弘光时忠良遭斥、奸佞当道的批评之意，结拍两句。“洛滨江上”，结构上遥应“解佩凌波”，似指刚成立的南明永历政权，接受其领导的抗清义军有瞿式耜等部，据有两广、云贵、四川等地；“寻芳再望佳节”，就是期望这一股抗清力量能够完成国家复兴的艰苦事业。
全词主要以兰自喻，个别地方喻抗清志士，另以关人或指忠臣义士，或指君王主上，都与楚辞美人香草之孤忠隐约之言一脉相承，意深情远，亦婉丽亦苍凉。
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李贺《
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五粒小松歌》
陈子龙简介
唐代·陈子龙的简介
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陈子龙（1608—1647）明末官员、文学家。初名介，字卧子、懋中、人中，号大樽、海士、轶符等。汉族，南直隶松江华亭（今上海松江）人。崇祯十年进士，曾任绍兴推官，论功擢兵科给事中，命甫下而明亡。清兵陷南京，他和太湖民众武装组织联络，开展抗清活动，事败后被捕，投水殉国。他是明末重要作家，诗歌成就较高，诗风或悲壮苍凉，充满民族气节；或典雅华丽；或合二种风格于一体。擅长七律、七言歌行、七绝，被公认为“明诗殿军”。陈子龙亦工词，为婉约词名家、云间词派盟主，被后代众多著名词评家誉为“明代第一词人”。
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送钤辖馆使王公二首 其二
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宋代：
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张靖
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玉勒嘶风出锦城，山光野色助离情。行行莫倦神华远，芳草连云伴去程。