清如玉壶冰
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唐代]：王维
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玉壶何用好，偏许素冰居。
未共销丹日，还同照绮疏。
抱明中不隐，含净外疑虚。
气似庭霜积，光言砌月馀。
晓凌飞鹊镜，宵映聚萤书。
若向夫君比，清心尚不如。
清如玉壶冰译文及注释
译文
玉壶有什么作用，偏许素冰放在里边。
让冰不在日下融化，还同照绮彩窗户。
透明得中间能看清，从外看怀疑是虚无的。
冰气像庭中霜累积，光胜过台阶边的光亮。
早晨照凌飞鹊镜，晚上映射聚萤书。
如果与您比起来，清心还不如您呢。
注释
清如玉壶冰：京兆府试试题。
何用：为什么。素冰：洁白的冰。
销丹日：指冰在赤日下融化。
绮（qǐ）疏：窗户上雕刻的花纹，也指刻有花纹的窗户。
言：料，知。砌（qì）：台阶的边沿。
飞鹊镜：古镜的一种，传说可以照见妻子之心。
宵：夜晚。聚萤书：
夫君：以称友朋，此指玉壶冰。
参考资料：
1、彭国忠 等．唐代试律诗．合肥：黄山书社，2006：8-9
2、彭定求 等．全唐诗（上）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986：297
清如玉壶冰创作背景
此诗为唐玄宗开元七年（719年）王维在长安应京兆府试时所作。《文苑英华》卷一八六编入“省试”诗。时作者十九岁。“清如玉壶冰”是京兆府试试题。
参考资料：
1、彭国忠 等．唐代试律诗．合肥：黄山书社，2006：8-9
清如玉壶冰鉴赏
此诗所写为试律诗中一主要题材，即状物之作。“玉壶冰”最早的出处应是鲍照的《代白头吟》，诗中有“直如朱丝绳，清如玉壶冰”，分明是气节风骨之象征。后来，玉壶冰便成为了诗词中常见的一个意象，每每为诗人所吟咏。十九岁的王维参加京兆府试，便以“清如玉壶冰”为题写下了一首名篇。
全诗从不同角度对玉壶之冰作了描摹。首联一破“玉壶”，一破“素冰”，且以设问形式，使诗意更显生动。次联承写玉壶，方法巧妙，上下两句虽未点出“玉壶”二字，但却用素冰免于被赤日所融的命运反衬出玉壶之功用。三联上句紧承二联下句之“照”字，点出素冰之“明”。下句写素冰之“净”，亦紧扣诗题之“清”字。四联上句之“气”字紧承三联之“虚”字而来，描摹玉壶中围绕着素冰的冰雾，此亦衬写素冰。四联下句写素冰之光与台阶边沿之光相比更胜之有余，形容素冰之光亮。五联又紧承上联之“光”字而来，连用两个典故，衬写素冰之亮，其冰光压过可以照见妻子之心的飞鹊镜，如同像车胤聚萤那样用以照书，“玉壶冰”胜于妻、友，真如知己。此联还从早、晚两个对比的时间段来写，可见素冰之光亮昼夜不变。末联用拟人手法写素冰之“清”，显示作者对素冰清高坚贞气节的倾慕。末联之生发，意境深远。
在这首诗中，诗人寄情的玉壶冰，俨然已成为“世间真情”的意象，是诗人对早已令人绝望的世间真情的急切呼唤。此诗堪称试律诗中的佳作，从诗中可体会出两种意味。
其一，王维以玉壶盛冰作比，玉和冰，一个高贵，一个纯洁，两者相融，便构成了千古难出其右的高洁品质。王维铺陈多多、比赋连连，而到了结句处，忽然话锋一转，“若向夫君比，清心尚不如”，一下子从状物而及于写人，从冰之性情转入人之品格。旨在用冰壶自励，推崇磊落澄澈的品格。
其二，在王昌龄之前之后，唐代诗人都有用玉壶冰表示友情的。骆宾王在跟朋友李峤分别之际，作了《别李峤得胜字》一诗，诗的末二句为“离心何以赠，自有玉壶冰”。同样此诗中“玉壶何用好，偏许素冰居”，取玉壶与冰两者品性相似，比喻两人情投意合。
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来鹄《
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云》
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曹雪芹《
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螃蟹咏》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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