登柳州城楼寄漳汀封连四州
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唐代]：柳宗元
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共来百越文身地，犹自音书滞一乡。
登柳州城楼寄漳汀封连四州译文及注释
译文
从城上高楼远眺空旷的荒野，如茫茫海天般的愁思涌了出来。
急风胡乱地掀动水中的荷花，密雨斜打在长满薜荔的墙上。
山上的树重重遮住了远望的视线，江流曲折就像九转的回肠。
我们一起来到百越这个少数民族地区，虽然处于一地音书却阻滞难通。
注释
柳州：今属广西。
漳州、汀洲：今属福建。
封州、连州：今属广东。
刺史：州的行政长官，相当于后世的知府。
接：连接。一说，目接，看到
大荒：旷远的广野。
惊风：急风；狂风。
乱飐（zhǎn）：吹动。
芙蓉：指荷花。
薜荔：一种蔓生植物，也称木莲。重遮：层层遮住。千里目：这里指远眺的视线。江：指柳江。九回肠：愁肠九转，形容愁绪缠结难解。
共来：指和韩泰、韩华、陈谏、刘禹锡四人同时被贬远方。百越：即百粤，指当时五岭以南各少数民族地区。
文身：古代南方少数民族有在身上刺花纹的风俗。文：通“纹”，用作动词。犹自：仍然是。音书：音信。滞：阻隔。
登柳州城楼寄漳汀封连四州创作背景
此诗当是唐宪宗元和十年（815）秋天在柳州所作。柳宗元与韩泰、韩晔、陈谏、刘禹锡都因参加王叔文领导的永贞革新运动而遭贬。元和十年，柳宗元等人循例被召至京师，再度贬为边州刺史。诗人到达柳州以后，登楼之际，面对满目异乡风物，不禁百感交集，写成了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、于丹．最美古诗词．北京：北京联合出版公司，2012：228
2、霍松林 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：920-922
登柳州城楼寄漳汀封连四州鉴赏
这首抒情诗，赋中有比，象中含兴，情景交融，凄楚动人。
全诗先从“登柳州城楼”写起。首句“城上高楼”，于“楼”前着一“高”字，立身愈高，所见愈远。作者长途跋涉，好容易才到柳州，却急不可耐地登上高处，为的是要遥望战友们的贬所，抒发难于明言的积愫。“接大荒”之“接”字，是说城上高楼与大荒相接，乃楼上人眼中所见。于是感物起兴，“海天愁思正茫茫”一句，即由此喷涌而出，展现在诗人眼前的是辽阔而荒凉的空间，望到极处，海天相连。而自己的茫茫“愁思”，也就充溢于辽阔无边的空间了。这么辽阔的境界和这么深广的情意，作者却似乎毫不费力地写入了这第一联，摄诗题之魂，并为以下的逐层抒写展开了宏大的画卷。
第二联“惊风乱飐芙蓉水，密雨斜侵薜荔墙”，写的是近处所见。惟其是近景，见得真切，故写得细致。就描绘风急雨骤的景象而言，这是“赋”笔，而赋中又兼有比兴。屈原《离骚》有云：“制芰荷以为衣兮，集芙蓉以为裳。不吾知其亦已兮，苟余情其信芳。”又云：“擥木根以结茝兮，贯薜荔之落蕊；矫菌桂以纫蕙兮，索胡绳之纚纚。謇吾法大前修兮，非世俗之所服。”在这里，芙蓉与薜荔，正象征着人格的美好与芳洁。登城楼而望近处，从所见者中特意拈出芙蓉与薜荔，显然是它们在暴风雨中的情状使诗人心灵颤悸。风而曰惊，雨而曰密，飐而曰乱，侵而曰斜，足见对客观事物又投射了诗人的感受。芙蓉出水，何碍于风，而惊风仍要乱飐；薜荔覆墙，雨本难侵，而密雨偏要斜侵。这不禁使诗人产生联想，愁思弥漫。在这里，景中之情，境中之意，赋中之比兴，有如水中着盐，不见痕迹。
第三联写远景。由近景过渡到远景的契机乃是近景所触发的联想：自己目前是处于这样的情境之中，好友们的处境又是如何呢？于是心驰远方，目光也随之移向漳、汀、封、连四州。“岭树”、“江流”两句，同写遥望，却一仰一俯，视野各异。仰观则重岭密林、遮断千里之目；俯察则江流曲折，有似九回之肠。景中寓情，愁思无限。从字面上看，以“江流曲似九回肠”对“岭树重遮千里目”，铢两悉称，属于“工对”的范围。而从意义上看，上实下虚，前因后果，以骈偶之辞运单行之气，又具有“流水对”的优点。
尾联从前联生发而来，除表现关怀好友处境望而不见的惆怅之外，还有更深一层的意思：望而不见，自然想到互访或互通音问；而望陆路，则山岭重叠，望水路，则江流纡曲，不要说互访不易，即互通音讯，也十分困难。这就很自然地要归结到“音书滞一乡”。然而就这样结束，文情较浅，文气较直。作者的高明之处。在于他先用“共来百粤文身地”一垫，再用“犹自”一转，才归结到“音书滞一乡”，便收到了沉郁顿挫的艺术效果。而“共来”一句，既与首句中的“大荒”照应，又统摄题中的“柳州”与“漳、汀、封、连四州”。一同被贬谪于大荒之地，已经够痛心了，还彼此隔离，连音书都无法送到。余韵袅袅，余味无穷，而题中的“寄”字之神，也于此曲曲传出。可见诗人用笔之妙。
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王维《
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相思》
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孟浩然《
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秦中感秋寄远上人》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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呼朋万里外，拍手层霄间。塞晚浮烟重，天空岁月闲。
断云迷古戍，落日照西山。幸有声歌在，更残且未还。
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和育王十二题·明月台
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：
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李覯
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月色固无改，台基亦不坏。
嗟哉翫月人，古来谁更在。
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郧襄之役与伯玉侍郎别恰三载矣闻出谼中至钱唐走信奉迎因成感旧之作
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明代：
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王世贞
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祖道春明三载强，宛如苏李赋河梁。君应食酒谈廷尉，我但登临忆侍郎。
一棹不妨衣带水，九秋谁拂蒯缑霜。祗园处处堪题石，莫遣青山负举觞。