望夫山
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唐代]：刘禹锡
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终日望夫夫不归，化为孤石苦相思。
望来已是几千载，只似当时初望时。
望夫山译文及注释
译文
整天地盼望丈夫而丈夫不归来，她最后化成孤立的石头苦苦相思。
这妇人在这里望夫已经是几千年了，还是当年刚刚站在这里遥望的形象。
注释
望夫石：古迹名。属民间传说，谓妇人伫立望夫日久化而为石。此指安徽当涂望夫石。
载：一作“岁”。
时：一作“年”。
望夫山创作背景
传说古时候有一位妇女思念远出的丈夫，立在山头守望不回，天长日久竟化为石头。这个古老而动人的传说在民间流行相当普遍。这首诗所指的望夫山，在今安徽当涂县西北，唐时属和州。此诗题下原注“正对和州郡楼”，可见作于刘禹锡和州刺史任上。
参考资料：
1、周啸天 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：828-829
望夫山鉴赏
全诗紧扣题目，通篇只在“望”字上做文章。“望”字三见，诗意也推进了三层。一、二句从“望夫石”的传说入题，是第一层，“终日”即从早到晚，又含有日复一日时间久远之意。可见“望”者一往情深；“望夫”而“夫不归”，是女子化石的原因。“夫”字叠用形成句中顶针格，意转声连，便觉节奏舒缓，音韵悠扬。次句重在“苦相思”三字，正是“化为石，不回头”（王建《望夫石》），表现出女子对爱情的坚贞。三句“望来已是几千载”比“终日望夫”意思更进一层。望夫石守候山头，风雨不动，几千年如一日。——这大大突出了那痴恋的执着。“望夫”的题意至此似已淋漓尽致。殊不知在写“几千载”久望之后，末句突然出现“初望”二字。这出乎意外，又尽情入理。因为“初望”的心情最迫切，写久望只如初望，就有力地表现了相思之情的真挚和深切。这里“望”字第三次出现，把诗情引向新的高度。三、四句层次上有递进关系，但通过“已是”与“只似”虚词的呼应，又给人一气呵成之感。
这首诗是深含寓意的。刘禹锡在永贞革新运动失败后，政治上备遭打击和迫害，长流边州，思念京国的心情一直很迫切。此诗即借咏望夫石寄托这种情怀，诗意并不在题中。同期诗作有《历阳书事七十韵》，其中“望夫人化石，梦帝日环营”两句，就是此诗最好的注脚。纯用比体，深于寄意，是此诗写作上第一个特点。
此诗用意虽深，语言却朴质无华。“望”字一篇之中凡三致意，诗意在用字重复的过程中步步深化。
这种反复咏叹突出主题的手法，形象地再现了诗人思归之情，含蓄地表达了他坚贞不渝的志行，柳宗元《与浩初上人同看山寄京华亲故》：“若为化得身千亿，散作峰头望故乡”，与此诗有相同的寄意。但柳诗“望故乡”用意显而诗境刻意造奇；此诗不直接写“望故乡”之意，却通过写石人“望夫”，巧妙地传达出来，用意深而具有单纯明快之美。陈师道因而称赞它“语虽拙而意工”。这是此诗写作上又一特点。
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苏轼《
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袁去华《
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东坡引·陇头梅半吐》
刘禹锡简介
唐代·刘禹锡的简介
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刘禹锡（772－842），字梦得，汉族，中国唐朝彭城（今徐州）人，祖籍洛阳，唐朝文学家，哲学家，自称是汉中山靖王后裔，曾任监察御史，是王叔文政治改革集团的一员。唐代中晚期著名诗人，有“诗豪”之称。他的家庭是一个世代以儒学相传的书香门第。政治上主张革新，是王叔文派政治革新活动的中心人物之一。后来永贞革新失败被贬为朗州司马（今湖南常德）。据湖南常德历史学家、收藏家周新国先生考证刘禹锡被贬为朗州司马其间写了著名的“汉寿城春望”。
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