汉宫春·会稽蓬莱阁怀古
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宋代]：辛弃疾
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秦望山头，看乱云急雨，倒立江湖。不知云者为雨，雨者云乎？长空万里，被西风变灭须臾。回首听月明天籁，人间万窍号呼。
谁向若耶溪上，倩美人西去，麋鹿姑苏？至今故国人望，一舸归欤。岁云暮矣，问何不鼓瑟吹竽？君不见王亭谢馆，冷烟寒树啼乌！
汉宫春·会稽蓬莱阁怀古译文及注释
译文
看秦望山上乱云飞渡，暴雨倾注，犹如江湖倒泻下来。不知道是云化为雨，还是雨化为云？万里长空，西风劲吹，乌云瞬间变幻消失。回首倾听明月星夜天籁长鸣，人间万千洞穴的呼号似山崩雷震！
是谁将若耶溪畔的美女西施献给吴王，导致吴国灭亡，只剩下麋鹿出没在姑苏台？至今越国人仍盼望西施坐船归来。一年已到年底了，何不演奏乐器以示欢乐？难道君看不见古代王、谢望族的亭台楼阁，而今只剩凋残的树木，寒烟清冷，孤寂的乌鸦仍在呼唤着离魂！
注释
汉宫春：词牌名，又名“汉宫春慢”“庆千秋”。双调九十六字，前后段各九句、四平韵。另有双调九十六字，前段十句五平韵，后段八句五平韵；双调九十四字，前段九句五仄韵，后段十句六仄韵等变体。
会稽：地名，在今浙江绍兴。蓬莱阁：旧址在今浙江省卧龙山下。
秦望山：在会稽东南四十里处。
须臾：形容时间短。
天籁：大自然的音响。这里指风。万窍：《庄子·齐物记》中有“······夫大块噫气，其名为风，是唯无作，作 则万窍怒号。”
若耶溪：河名，在会稽南。倩：请。美人：指西施。传说西施曾经在若耶溪上浣纱。越国被吴国打败后，越王为了报仇，使用美人计，把西施送给吴国，后吴国被越国灭亡。麋（mí）：鹿的一种，俗称四不像。姑苏：这里指姑苏台，吴王曾与西施在此游宴。
王亭谢馆：王、谢为东晋豪门贵族，山头子弟很多，多住在会稽。王亭谢馆泛指他们在会稽一带的游乐场所。
参考资料：
1、马玮主编．中国古典诗词名家菁华赏析 辛弃疾诗词赏析：商务印书馆国际有限公司，2014.01：第222-225页
2、郑小军编注．众里寻他千百度 辛弃疾词：山东文艺出版社，2015.06：第196页
3、章培恒，安平秋，马樟根主编；杨忠译注．古代文史名著选译丛书 辛弃疾词选译 修订版：凤凰出版社，2011.05：第257-258页
汉宫春·会稽蓬莱阁怀古创作背景
公元1203年（宋宁宗嘉泰三年），辛弃疾被重新起用。据《宝庆会稽续志》，为六月十一日到任，同年十二月二十八日即奉召赴临安，次年春改知镇江府，故知登蓬莱阁之举，必在嘉泰三年的下半年，另据词中“西风”、“冷烟寒树”等语，可断定是作于晚秋。
汉宫春·会稽蓬莱阁怀古鉴赏
这首词的上片重在写景，通过写景来抒情说理，寓理于景，寓情于景。景、情、理浑融一体。“秦望山头，看乱云急雨，倒立江湖。不知云者为雨，雨者云乎？”开篇直截了当，写登高望远所见。“秦望山”，因秦始皇南巡时曾登此山观大海，祭大禹，故名。“乱云急雨，倒立江湖。不知云者为雨，雨者云乎？”乌云翻滚，暴雨如注，给人翻江倒海一样的感觉。一时烟雨茫茫一片，分不清哪个是云，哪个是雨。“乱”“急”“倒立”“不知”等词语写出了狂风暴雨的骇人气势和壮观景象。“不知云者为雨，雨者云乎”，语出《庄子·天运》：“云者为雨乎？雨者为云乎？”庄子的意思是云兴雨至乃自然之理，没有什么意志和力量的驱使。作者引用此语除了突出狂风暴雨的凶猛气势外，也有狂风暴雨是自然现象这个意思。但是，老子说过“飘风不终朝，骤雨不终日”，这不，刚才还是狂风暴雨，现在天气就变成了“长空万里，被西风变灭须臾。”这句承上，仍是作者所看到的景象，表意急转，作者的情绪也急转直下。刹那间西风便把云雨吹散，露出了万里晴空。“回首听月明天籁，人间万窍号呼。“天籁”，自然界的音响，这里指风。在明亮的月光下，回头听见，西风在天空中呼啸而过，大地上无数的洞穴发出了尖厉的声音。这句从视觉写到听觉，表现了自然现象的复杂多变。纵观上片，好像作者只是为了表现狂风暴雨这种自然现象，但联系当时的社会形势来看，不难发现作者有更深的用意在。作者借暴风骤雨到云散雨收，月明风起这种自然现象的变化，暗示着抗金之路虽然看似曲折，但前途一片光明，广大民众的抗敌呼声如同夜空刮过的西风，将会变成巨大的积极力量影响着时局朝着乐观方向发展。下片引用典故，以古喻今，影射现实，告诫当局不要重蹈覆辙，应奋发有为。“谁向若耶溪上，倩美人西去，麇鹿姑苏？至今故国人望，一舸归欤。”这里用的是春秋时吴越争霸的故事。作者在这里用这个故事，强调的是吴国国王因为不图长远之计，耽于安乐而亡国。意在告诫当朝统治者应该引以为戒，不要重蹈吴国的覆辙，应该奋发作为，一雪国耻。值得注意的是，作者登高怀古，占据他心灵的不是秦皇、大禹，也不是越王勾践，而竟是范蠡。这是因为范蠡忠贞不二，具有文韬武略，曾提出许多报仇雪耻之策，同作者的思想感情息息相通。辛弃疾和范蠡，条件相当，但境遇悬殊，范蠡功成名就，而自己壮志难酬，两相比较，作者不由伤感痛心，情绪低落，引出下句“岁云暮矣，问何不鼓瑟吹竽？”作为答句，引出最后一句“君不见、王亭谢馆，冷烟寒树啼乌！”难道你没有看见，像王亭谢馆那些当年的行乐之地，现在已是一片萧条冷落，烟雾笼罩着秋天的树木，乌鸦在悲凉地叫着！作者的无奈伤感之情溢于言表。
这是一首登临览景而咏史怀古之词。上片写登蓬莱阁所见壮丽雨景，极具变化倏忽之致。下片怀想西施旧事，对此作者流露出同情敬仰之意。“岁云暮矣”以下，表达作者对世事沧桑所采取的及时行乐的思想。全词情调统一于自然与人事的变幻，使人产生无常之感。特别多引用庄子玄妙之句，使这一特点显得更为突出。
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陆游《
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龙兴寺吊少陵先生寓居》
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曾棨《
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维扬怀古》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。
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唐寅
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破布衫巾破布裙，逢人便说会烧银。
君何不烧自家用，何必苦心送给人。
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绝句
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元代：
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贡奎
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山雨鸣篷雁落沙，新寒先到野人家。病来谁似愁容瘦，霜树萧疏两鬓华。
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初七日丁丑长至前喜晴
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元代：
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方回
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楼南红气满霜天，新霁湖山晓色妍。
七日喜逢长至日，百年惭到古稀年。
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喜迁莺 露筋祠
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清代：
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易顺鼎
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灵旗风大。怅春阴换尽，都飞凉霭。鱼地铺冰，蟾天浸月，不照寻常眉黛。
小蚊已辞秋帐，成就芳名百代。泪休洒，自翠蛾无恙，青蝇安在。