吊万人冢
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唐代]：张蠙
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兵罢淮边客路通，乱鸦来去噪寒空。
吊万人冢译文及注释
译文
战争平息，淮河边上客路再次畅通；乌鸦聒噪，飞来飞去对着寒冷的天空哀鸣。
可怜将士白骨，聚集成千形成孤坟；遥想当年，他们都曾为将军寻求立下战功。
注释
吊：凭吊。
兵罢：指战争结束。
噪：（乌鸦）鸣叫。
可怜白骨攒孤冢：这是在描写上万战死将士的白骨交错堆积，形成了孤零零的大型坟茔。
攒（cuán）：聚集。
觅战功：寻求立功。与王昌龄《闺怨》中“悔教夫婿觅封侯”一句的“觅封侯”意思相近。
吊万人冢鉴赏
唐朝末年，各种社会矛盾纷纷激化。广大河淮地区遂成为新旧军阀朱温、时溥、杨行密等进行割据混战的战场。这些军阀在镇压农民起义的战争中曾以杀人邀取战功，飞黄腾达；在割据混战中又以屠戮生灵来建立武功，以满足各自不可告人的权力欲。《吊万人冢》就是战乱后诗人客游河淮地区时根据所见所感而剪取的一幅社会缩影，控诉了统治者为一己私利而压迫人民的血腥罪恶。
这首诗以景托情，以情驭景，情景交融，颇具艺术感染力。首句“兵罢淮边客路通”，落笔便写出诗人客游河淮地区的时间是在“兵罢”之后；“客路通”三字含蓄地表达出诗人对于战乱暂时结束的欣喜之情。
次句“乱鸦来去噪寒空”，承上而来，在刚刚振起的欢悦情感上兜头泼来一盆冷水——一路之上，人烟灭迹，黑鸦聒噪，从而使诗歌画面陡然涂上了一层恐怖荒凉的色调。“乱”字写出了黑鸦遮天蔽日之多；乌鸦以食腐肉为生，万人冢上空乌鸦的狂欢乱舞，愈显出战乱中死人之众，使天空弥漫着一片凄寒之气，给人思绪上增添了悲切感。第三句“可怜白骨攒孤冢”，是以情驭景的妙笔，它以特写式的镜头拍下了“千里无鸡鸣，白骨蔽平原”的现实场景，一个“孤”字蕴含了对枉死者离乡背井、惨死他乡的无限同情，令人容易从枉死者联想到战争给幸存者所造成的家庭悲剧和心灵创伤。句首冠之以“可怜”二字，为诗情向高潮的发展提供了推动力，足以表达出诗人的强烈同情心。末句“尽为将军觅战功”是全诗的高潮。可以说，前三句所展示的都主要是事物的现象及结果，而这最后一笔才是探究问题之本质的所在。“尽为”写出了造成生灵涂炭原因的独一性，“觅战功”则点破了朱温之流发动战争的目的性和自私性。这是全诗中关键的飞跃，具有高屋建瓴的气势和认识高度。但这一感情的飞跃，却正是踏着前三句景物描写而达成了水到渠成的升华；没有前三句景的铺陈，第四句的宕出就必然成为无源之水，无本之木。
这首诗在思想上与曹松《己亥岁》中“一将功成万骨枯”及杜荀鹤《再经胡城县》中“今来县宰加朱绂，便是生灵血染成”有异曲同工之妙，但由于它选材典型，构思别具一格，所以，历来为读者所喜爱。
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卢纶《
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逢病军人》
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刘基《
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古戍》
张蠙简介
唐代·张蠙的简介
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[约公元九o一年前后在世]字象文，清河人。生卒年均不详，约唐哀帝天复初前后在世。生而颖秀，幼能为诗登单于台，有“白日地中出，黄河天上来”名，由是知名。家贫累下第，留滞长安。乾宁二年，（公元895年）登进士第。唐懿宗咸通（860-874）年间，与许棠、张乔、郑谷等合称“咸通十哲”。授校书郎，调栎阳尉，迁犀浦令。五建建蜀国，拜膳部员外郎。后为金堂令。
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近现代：
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