水调歌头·追和
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宋代]：张元干
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举手钓鳌客，削迹种瓜侯。重来吴会，三伏行见五湖秋。耳畔风波摇荡，身外功名飘忽，何路射旄头？孤负男儿志，怅望故园愁。
梦中原，挥老泪，遍南州。元龙湖海豪气，百尺卧高楼。短发霜粘两鬓，清夜盆倾一雨，喜听瓦鸣沟。犹有壮心在，付与百川流。
水调歌头·追和译文及注释
译文
我从前如李白是钓鳌的巨手，而今却如邵平成了隐居种瓜的园丁。三伏交秋的时节重来吴县，准能欣赏到太湖美秀丽的秋景。人世风波在耳边摇荡，千古功名在身外飘浮，何时能让我张开神弓射金兵?辜负了大丈夫的雄心壮志，无奈何望着故园生愁发怔。
我常梦见受敌人蹂躏的中原，老泪纵横挥洒遍江南的大地。我有陈登志在天下的豪气，不似求田问舍的许汜。我有刘备忧国忘家之心，身在百尺高楼上卧睡。头发已稀疏还加上几根银丝，喜听清凉夜的倾盆大雨，在屋顶瓦沟上哗啦鸣脆。雄心壮志依然在，恨只恨光阴白白地随百川向东流逝。
注释
水调歌头：词牌名。九十五字，前后片各四平韵。亦有前后片两六言句夹叶仄韵者，有平仄互叶几于句句用韵者。
钓鳌（áo）客：谓人有大志。
削迹：屏迹，表示隐居。
种瓜侯：引召平种瓜事。
吴会：今江苏吴县。
三伏：夏季夏至后第三庚为初伏，第四庚为中伏，立秋后初庚为后伏，合称为三伏。俗谚：(第)三伏在秋。五湖：此指太湖。
旄（máo）头：星名，即昴宿，古代当作胡星。此用旄头指金兵。
孤负：即辜负。
南州：泛指南方。
豪气：豪迈的气概。
百尺卧高楼：引三国陈登斥许汜徒有国士之名，而无救世之志事。
清夜：清静的夜晚。
瓦鸣沟：即瓦沟鸣。急雨在屋顶的瓦沟上哗哗流淌。
壮心：豪壮的志愿，壮志。
付与：拿出；交给。
百川流：壮心随水东流，喻有志未伸。
参考资料：
1、搜韵网.水调歌头·追和
水调歌头·追和创作背景
参考资料：
1、唐圭璋等．《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》（南宋·辽·金卷）．上海：上海辞书出版社，1988年：第1700-1702页
水调歌头·追和鉴赏
上片自写心境，构画出一个浪迹江湖的奇士形象，目的是写他豪放不羁的生活和心中的不平。首二句就奠定了全词格调。“举手钓鳌客，削迹种瓜侯”，皆以古人自比。钓鳌种瓜，本属隐居人的事，而皆有出典。
从“重来吴会”两句看出作者是重游故地：“三伏”“五湖秋”，拈用前词“莫道三伏热，便是五湖秋”字面，以点出时令，也不无上文“惟与渔椎为伴，回首得无忧”的那种互相倾轧的风气下暂得解脱的寓意。以下三句愤言国事，而自己功名未立，请缨无路。耳畔”、“身外”，皆切合不管事、无职司的人的情境。南宋爱国人士追求的功名就是恢复中原，如岳飞《小重山》词说的“白首为功名”。
过片写远望故国时百感交集的心情：“梦中原，挥老泪，遍南州。”“梦可原”是由“怅望故园愁”所致。“挥老泪”湿襟可以，但不能“遍南州”。这是夸张，是受风雨入梦的影响。此句大有后来陆游“胡未灭，鬓先秋，泪空流”之慨。因在睡中，故不得“高卧”二字，联及平生志向，遂写出“元龙湖海豪气，百尺卧高楼”的壮语。借三国陈登事，以喻作者自己“豪气未除”（《三国志》许汜议陈登语）。可见作者闲游湖海，实际上并非情愿。以下“短发霜粘两鬓”从“老”字来，“清夜盆倾一雨”应“泪”字来，是写夜晚闻雨声而惊梦事。何以会“喜听瓦鸣沟”？这恰似陆游的“夜阑卧听风吹雨，铁马冰河入梦来”（《十一月四日风雨大作》）。滂沱大雨倾泻于瓦沟，轰响有如戈鸣马嘶，可为“一洗中原膏血”的象征，此时僵卧而尚思报国的人听了怎能不激动了是的，自己“犹有壮心在”呢！壮心同雨水汇入百川，而归大海，是人心所向，故云“付与百川流”。
全词处处交织在壮志难酬而壮心犹在的复杂感情之中，故悲愤而激昂，相应地，词笔亦极驰骋。从行迹写到内心，从现实写到梦境。又一气写成，从“钓鳌客”、“五湖秋”、“风波摇荡”、“湖海豪气”、“盆倾一雨”、“瓦鸣沟”到“百川流”，所有的景象似乎却汇合成一股汹涌的狂流，使人感到作者心潮澎湃，起伏万千，具有极强的艺术感染力。词中屡借古人酒杯言有尽而意无穷，故豪放而不粗疏。词写风雨大作有感，笔下亦交响着急风骤雨的旋律。“芦川词，人称其长于悲愤”（毛晋《芦川词》跋），评说甚当。
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黄宗羲《
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山居杂咏》
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辛弃疾《
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满江红·倦客新丰》
张元干简介
唐代·张元干的简介
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元干出身书香门第。其父名动，进士出身，官至龙图阁直学士，能诗。张元干受其家风影响，从小聪明好学，永泰的寒光阁、水月亭是他幼年生活和读书处。十四五岁随父亲至河北官廨（在临漳县）已能写诗，常与父亲及父亲的客人唱和，人称之“敏悟”。
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明代：
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宋代：
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明代：
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程敏政
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宴罢宾兴日未斜，颀然丰采动京华。大鹏水击三千里，雏凤文腾五色霞。
秋月再分丹桂粟，春风偏上紫荆花。相期更写琼林会，趁取才人两鬓鸦。