鹧鸪天·陌上柔桑破嫩芽
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宋代]：辛弃疾
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陌上柔桑破嫩芽，东邻蚕种已生些。平冈细草鸣黄犊，斜日寒林点暮鸦。
鹧鸪天·陌上柔桑破嫩芽译文及注释
译文
村头小路边桑树柔软的枝条，刚刚绽放嫩芽。东面邻居家养的蚕种已经有一些蜕变成了蚕儿。一脉平缓山岗上，细草间小黄牛犊儿在鸣叫，落日斜照枯寒的树林，树枝间休息着一只只乌鸦。
山有的远些有的近些，路有的横向有的斜向，青布酒旗那边有家小酒铺，可以打一些酒来。城里的桃花李花把风雨当做折磨，一派愁苦，最明媚的春色，正在溪头一片荠菜花中盛开。
注释
鹧鸪天：小令词调， 双片55字， 上片四句三平韵， 下片五句三平韵。唐人郑嵎诗“春游鸡鹿塞，家在鹧鸪天”，调名取于此。又名《思佳客》、《思越人》、《剪朝霞》、《骊歌一叠》。
些：句末语助词。
平冈：平坦的小山坡。
暮鸦：见王安石《题舫子》诗：“爱此江边好,留连至日斜。眠分黄犊草，坐占白鸥沙。”这里隐括其句。
青旗：卖酒的招牌。
荠菜：二年生草本植物,花白色，茎叶嫩时可以吃。
参考资料：
1、傅德岷 卢晋《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》（南宋·辽·金卷）.上海辞书出版社，1988年版，第1494页，第1545页
鹧鸪天·陌上柔桑破嫩芽创作背景
南宋淳熙八年（公元1181）年冬，41岁的辛弃疾遭遇弹劾，隐居上饶。作者在罢官乡居期间对乡村生活欣赏流连对上层社会鄙弃故作此词。
参考资料：
1、唐圭璋．唐宋词鉴赏辞典：江苏古籍出版社，1999.1：102
鹧鸪天·陌上柔桑破嫩芽鉴赏
全词从不同视角描绘乡村春意盎然的景象，看上去好象是随意下笔，但细细体会，情味盎然，意蕴深厚。上阕头二句在描写桑树抽芽、蚕卵开始孵化时，用了一个“破”字非常传神地写出了桑叶在春风的催动下，逐渐萌发、膨胀，终于撑破了原来包在桑芽上的透明薄膜。“破”字不仅有动态，让人感到桑芽萌发的力量和速度。第三句“平岗细草鸣黄犊”“平岗细草”和“黄犊”是相互关联的，黄犊在牛栏里关了一冬，当放牧在平坡上时被乍见春草，欢快无比。“鸣”虽写声音，但可以让人想见黄犊吃草时的悠闲，神态。第四句中的“斜日”、“寒林”、“暮鸦”按说会构成一片衰飒景象，但由于用了一个动词“点”字，却使情调发生了变化。“点”状乌鸦或飞或栖，有如一团墨点，这是确切的写实，早春的寒林没有树叶，所以黑色的乌鸦，在林中历历可见。作者却是在欣赏一幅天然的图画。
从表面看，这首词的下半片好象仍然接着上半片在写景。这里下半片的写景是不同于上半片的，是有波澜的。首先它是推远一层看，由平冈看到远山，看到横斜的路所通到的酒店，还由乡村推远到城里。“青旗沽酒有人家”一句看来很平常，全词都在写自然风景，只有这句才写到人的活动，这样就打破了一味写景的单调。这是写景诗的一个诀窍。尽管是在写景，却不能一味渲染景致，必须加入一些人的情调，有人的活动，诗才显得有生气。
“城中桃李愁风雨，春在溪头荠菜花”两句是全词的画龙点睛，它又象是在写景，又象是在发议论。这两句决定了全词的情调。如果单从头三句及“青旗沽酒”句看，这首词的情调是很愉快的。但词人是一位忠义之士，处在南宋偏安杭州，北方金兵掳去了宋徽宗、宋钦宗二帝，还在节节进逼的情势之下，他想图恢复，而南宋朝中大半是些昏愦无能，苟且偷安者，叫他一筹莫展，心里十分痛恨。就是这种心情成了他的许多词的基本情调。这首词实际上是愁苦之音。“斜日寒林点暮鸦”句已透露了一点消息，到了“桃李愁风雨”句便把大好锦绣河山竟然如此残缺不全的感慨完全表现出来了。从前诗人词人每逢有难言之隐，总是假托自然界事物，把它象征地说出来。辛词凡是说到风雨打落春花的地方，大都是暗射南宋被金兵进逼的局面。这里的“城中桃李愁风雨”也是慨叹南宋受金兵的欺侮。
词中用了反衬手法，反衬就是欲擒先纵。从愉快的景象说起，转到悲苦的心境，这样互相衬托，悲苦的就更显得悲苦。前人谈辛词往往用“沉痛”两字，他的沉痛就在这种地方。但是沉痛不等于失望，“春在溪头荠菜花”句可以见出词人对南宋偏安局面还寄托很大的希望。这希望是由词人在村中看到的劳动人民从事农桑的景象所引起的。上句说明“诗可以怨”（诉苦），下句说明“诗可以兴”（鼓舞兴起）。
词人发现和捕捉农村中最平常也最典型的风光景物和生活情境，运用清新明快的笔调、素净淡雅的色彩，描绘出一幅幅意象鲜活、层次清晰、生机盎然的图画，给人以丰富的美感享受，进而触发出心弦的共鸣。
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元日早朝行》
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韩偓《
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晓日》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。
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和子瞻濠州七绝涂山
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宋代：
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苏辙
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娶妇山中不肯留，会朝山下万诸侯。
古人辛苦今谁信，只见清淮入海流。
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与何光远赠答诗（龙女赠光远）
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：
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龙女
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坐久风吹绿绮寒，九天月照水精盘。
不思却返沈潜去，为惜春光一夜欢。