庚戌岁九月中于西田获早稻
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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人生归有道，衣食固其端。
孰是都不营，而以求自安？
开春理常业，岁功聊可观。
晨出肆微勤，日入负禾还。
山中饶霜露，风气亦先寒。
田家岂不苦？弗获辞此难。
四体诚乃疲，庶无异患干。
盥濯息檐下，斗酒散襟颜。
遥遥沮溺心，千载乃相关。
但愿长如此，躬耕非所叹。
庚戌岁九月中于西田获早稻译文及注释
译文
人生归依有常理，衣食本自居首端。
谁能弃此不经营，便可求得自心安？
初春开始做农务，一年收成尚可观。
清晨下地去干活，日落背稻把家还。
居住山中多霜露，季节未到已先寒。
农民劳作岂不苦？无法推脱此艰难。
身体确实很疲倦，幸无灾祸来纠缠。
洗涤歇息房檐下，饮酒开心带笑颜。
长沮桀溺隐耕志，千年与我息相关。
但愿能得长如此，躬耕田亩自心甘。
注释
庚（gēng）戌（xū）岁：指晋安帝义熙六年（410年）。
有道：有常理。
固：本、原。端：始、首。
孰（shú）：何。是：此，指衣食。营：经营。
以：凭。自安：自得安乐。
开春：春天开始；进入春天。常业：日常事务，这里指农耕。
岁功：一年农事的收获。聊：勉强。聊可观：勉强可观。
肆（sì）：操作。肆微勤：微施勤劳。
日入：日落。禾：指稻子。一作“耒（lěi）”：耒耜，即农具。
饶：多。霜露：霜和露水，两词连用常不实指，而比喻艰难困苦的条件。
风气：气候。先寒：早寒，冷得早。
弗：不。此难：这种艰难，指耕作。
四体：四肢。
庶（shù）：庶几、大体上。异患：想不到的祸患。干：犯。
盥（guàn）濯（zhuó）：洗涤。
襟（jīn）颜：胸襟和面颜。
沮（jǔ）溺（nì）：即长沮、桀溺，孔子遇到的“耦而耕”的隐者。借指避世隐士。
乃相关：乃相符合。
长如此：长期这样。
躬耕：亲身从事农业生产。
参考资料：
1、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：136-138
2、孟二冬．陶渊明集译注 ．北京：昆仑出版社，2008：226
庚戌岁九月中于西田获早稻创作背景
此诗作于晋安帝义熙六年（410年）九月。这年陶渊明四十六岁，是他弃官彭泽令归田躬耕的第六年。在这年秋收后，他以郑重又愉快的心情创作了《庚戌岁九月中于西田获早稻》这首诗。
参考资料：
1、孟二冬．陶渊明集译注 ．北京：昆仑出版社，2008：226
2、林家骊 杨健.论陶渊明诗歌的理想化倾向[J].浙江学刊,2012(1):52
庚戌岁九月中于西田获早稻鉴赏
此诗开篇直接展开议论，明确表现诗人的观点：人生就应该把谋求衣食放在根本上，要想求得自身的安定，首先就要参加劳动，惨淡经营，才得以生存。起笔两句，把传统文化之大义——道，与衣食并举，意义极不寻常。衣食的来源，本是农业生产。诗人认为人生应以生产劳动、自营衣食为根本。在诗人看来，若为了获得衣食所资之俸禄，而失去独立自由之人格，他就宁肯弃官归田躬耕自资。全诗首四句之深刻意蕴，在于此。这几句诗，语言简练平易，道理平凡而朴素，超越“获稻”的具体事情，而直写由此引发的对人生真谛的思考与总结。
言语似乎很平淡，但体味起来，其中蕴涵着真实、淳厚的欣慰之情。“晨出肆微勤，日入负耒还。”“微勤”是谦辞，其实是十分勤苦。“日入”，借用了《击壤歌》“吾日出而作，日入而息”之语意，加深了诗意蕴藏的深度。因为那两句之下是：“凿井而饮，耕田而食，帝力于我何有哉！”写出眼前收稻之时节，便曲曲道出稼穑之艰难。山中气候冷得早些，霜露已多。九月中，正是霜降时节。四十六岁的诗人，已感到了岁月的不饶人。以上四句，下笔若不经意，其实是写出了春种秋收、一年的辛苦。
稼穑愈是艰难辛苦，愈见诗人躬耕意志之深沉坚定。诗人对于稼穑，感到义不容辞。这不仅是因为深感“人生归有道，衣食固其端”，而且也是由于深知“四体诚乃疲，庶无异患干”。魏晋以降，时代黑暗，士人生命没有保障。曹操杀孔融，司马懿杀何晏，司马昭杀嵇康，以及陆机、陆云之惨遭杀害，皆是著例。当时柄政者刘裕，比起曹操、司马，更加残忍。所谓异患，首先即指这种旦夕莫测的横祸。再退一步说，为了五斗米而折腰，在“质性自然”的诗人看来，也是一种异患。
农村劳动生活过来的人对这幅情景都是亲切、熟悉的。诗人是在为自由的生活、为劳动的成果而开心。诗人不仅是一位农民，还是一位为传统文化所造就的士人。他像一位农民那样站在自家屋檐下把酒开怀，可是他的心灵却飞越千载，尚友古人。长沮、桀溺之心意是说：“天下人都说天下是黑暗的，没有人可以改变黑暗的现状，又怎么能像归隐之人一样去归隐山林。”诗人自言与长沮、桀溺之心遥遥会合，意即在此。所以结笔说：但愿长久地过这种生活，自食其力，自由自在，纵然躬耕辛苦，也无所怨尤。诗人的意志，真可谓坚如金石。诗人的心灵，经过深沉的省思，终归于圆融宁静。
此诗夹叙夹议，透过收稻之叙说，发舒躬耕之情怀。此诗的意义在于，诗人经过劳动的体验和深沉的省思，所产生的新思想。这就是：农业生产乃是衣食之源，士人尽管应以道为终极关怀，但是对于农业生产仍然义不容辞。尤其处在一个自己所无法改变的乱世，只有弃官归田躬耕自资，才能保全人格独立自由，由此，沮溺之心有其真实意义。而且，躬耕纵然辛苦，可是，乐亦自在其中。这份喜乐，是体验到自由与劳动之价值的双重喜乐。陶渊明的这些思想见识，晚周之后的文化史和诗歌史上乃是稀有的和新异的。诗中所耀动的思想光彩，对人生意义的坚实体认，正是此诗极可宝贵的价值之所在。
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卢挚《
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沉醉东风·恰离了绿水青山那搭》
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王维《
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春夜竹亭赠钱少府归蓝田》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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魏了翁
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形安宇泰即吾乡，花解随人到处黄。
何事归心起张翰，有来妙语出君房。
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十友亭
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清代：
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朱庸斋
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阆苑天风接玉屏，江山文字见英灵。苍茫三百年间事，片石谁寻十友亭。
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上周少保
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宋代：
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刘过
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早被儒冠误，衣稀老更侵。
科名数行泪，岐路一生心。