少年游·重阳过后
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宋代]：晏殊
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重阳过后，西风渐紧，庭树叶纷纷。朱阑向晓，芙蓉妖艳，特地斗芳新。
霜前月下，斜红淡蕊，明媚欲回春。莫将琼萼(è)等闲分，留赠意中人。
少年游·重阳过后译文及注释
译文
刚刚过了重阳节，天气渐渐冷了，庭院里秋风瑟瑟。落叶纷纷。在这秋日的清晨，朱红阑干外的木芙蓉却开得非常美艳，像在特地竞吐新的芬芳。
天气逐渐寒冷。白色的木美蓉在淡淡的月光下摇曳生姿，就像是镀上了一层薄薄的清霜。这一枝斜立着，红得像火一样灿烂；那一枝低垂着，白得像雪一样晶莹。所有的花似乎都不畏霜寒，都开得那么明艳，那么妩媚，让人觉得仿佛回到了温暖的春天。不要把这玲珑剔透的花儿随便地摘下来分了，还是留着它赠送给意中人吧。
注释
少年游：词牌名，又名“少年游令”“小阑干”“玉腊梅枝”。五十字，上片六句二平韵，下片五句三平韵。
重阳：阴历九月九日为重阳节。
朱阑：红色的栏杆。向晓：临近天亮。
芙蓉：此处指木芙蓉，秋冬间开白色或淡红色的花。又名拒霜花。冬凋夏茂，仲秋开花，耐寒不落。
特地：特意。芳新：芳香鲜艳。
斜红：倾斜的红色花瓣。
琼萼（è）：如美玉一般的花萼，为妇女首饰之一。等闲：轻易，随便。
参考资料：
1、（宋）晏殊，（宋）晏几道著．晏殊 晏几道词选：中州古籍出版社，2015：第44页
2、梅边吹笛．今生最爱晏殊词：首都经济贸易大学出版社，2012：第141页
少年游·重阳过后创作背景
这首词的具体创作年份已不详。晏殊的词大多都写愁思远怅。而像这首词中，却流露着一露清新明朗温暖的气息，在那百花渐凋的秋天里，词人独独看中并歌咏了凌霜耐冷的芙蓉花儿，要把它留赠给自己的意中人。以花赠友始陆凯赠范晔。
参考资料：
1、贺新辉．全宋词鉴赏辞典：中国妇女出版社，1996：第136页
少年游·重阳过后鉴赏
霜前月下，斜红淡蕊，明媚欲回春。莫将琼萼等闲分，留赠意中人。
这是一首咏物词，吟咏对象是夏末秋初时开花的木芙蓉。晏殊通过精雕细琢，将木芙蓉抗拒秋霜、坚贞高洁而又不失娇媚的品格刻画出来，处处透出词人对木芙蓉的喜爱之情。
上片开篇便描绘了木芙蓉所处环境的恶劣。“重阳过后”点出时间，“西风渐紧”描写气候，冷风凛冽强劲，晚秋气候环境恶劣，表现木芙蓉的倔强抗争精神；“庭树叶纷纷”描写环境，通过对比手法，突出木芙蓉强劲的生命力。重阳节之后，秋风渐渐寒冷萧瑟，庭院中树木落叶纷飞，不耐秋寒，以树烘托秋风的凄厉寒萧，又反衬出木芙蓉的不畏严寒。“朱阑向晓”，此句为木芙蓉营造出一个典雅清绝的场景，侧面烘托出木芙蓉的优雅清妙之姿。“特地”二字有拟人效果。“朱阑”三句具体描写木芙蓉的娇艳。临近拂晓，天边朝霞，红色雕栏，木芙蓉的红花娇艳，好像特地走到一起来争芳斗新似的。
晏殊在上片描绘了清晓时荚蓉新绽的景象，顺时间而下，下片描写“霜前月下”的景色。月升霜降，“斜红淡蕊”的木芙蓉仍旧不改姿色，反而更有姿态。“斜红”二字，点出芙蓉花的逸姿与红艳娇媚，“霜前”不改其色、不改其姿，反而更见姿见色。“淡蕊”写芙蓉花蕊清淡，清香缕缕。“月下”芙蓉，更显清妙雅态。“明媚欲回春”总上两句，直接写娇艳的芙蓉仿佛要把春天唤回一样。“莫将琼萼等闲分，留赠意中人”，水到渠成，由赞扬木芙蓉的美艳，而诉说对其之爱惜。这两句直接表达了词人对芙蓉花的珍惜与热爱，他不愿意把这犹如盛开于仙境中的花朵随意赠送，而要珍藏起来，只留赠给意中之人。词人不仅期望像木芙蓉花般美好的事物长开不败，而且亦期望意中人也能像自己一样，享受美好事物给予的欢愉快乐。
在木芙蓉这一主角出场之前，词人先以萧瑟秋风、落叶庭树作铺垫，衬托出芙蓉花艳丽高洁的风姿，有不见其花先闻其香的效果。咏物诗词一般都会寄寓作者个人的操守、理想，在此篇《少年游》中，晏殊不仅在赞颂木芙蓉，更寄托着自己的情感。这不畏严霜的木芙蓉，既象征着意中人的品质，也象征着二人坚贞高洁的爱情，因此，在收篇处，词人才会提出要特地把它留赠意中人，蕴涵着作者对意中人坚贞高洁之品德的肯定与赞赏。
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苏轼《
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天仙子·走马探花花发未》
晏殊简介
唐代·晏殊的简介
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晏殊【yàn shū】（991-1055）字同叔，著名词人、诗人、散文家，北宋抚州府临川城人（今江西进贤县文港镇沙河人，位于香楠峰下，其父为抚州府手力节级），是当时的抚州籍第一个宰相。晏殊与其第七子晏几道（1037-1110），在当时北宋词坛上，被称为“大晏”和“小晏”。
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牛焘
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君不见，东坡调水传佳话，全凭清浊分流派。甘美香冽天一生，沁人诗骨清人肺。
又不见，黄河之水天上来，石水斗泥资灌溉。有时汲之供烹啜，不闻饮者比沆瀣。