占春芳·红杏了
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宋代]：苏轼
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红杏了，夭桃尽，独自占春芳。不比人间兰麝，自然透骨生香。
对酒莫相忘。似佳人、兼合明光。只忧长笛吹花落，除是宁王。
占春芳·红杏了译文及注释
译文
红杏花开过了，娇艳的桃花凋谢了，梨花独自暮春开放，兰草麝香怎能和梨花相比呢？梨花的香气自然飘来深深的像从骨子里沁出。
饮酒赏花，忆起这酒似歌妓“佳人”的姿色，兼有荼蘼花般的香艳，梨花啊！不要因时令之笛吹落；否则，担心的便是开国受命之宁王。
注释
占春芳：词牌名。《万树词律》卷四注云：“此体他无作者，想因第三句为题名。”《词式》卷二：“苏轼咏杏花，制此调。”
红杏了：红杏花开过了。
夭桃尽：娇艳的桃花凋谢了。
兰麝（shè）：兰草与麝香，即大自然生成的兰草香和人工制成的麝香。
透骨：从骨子里沁出，极言深刻。兼合明光：占尽酒和花般的酴醾的香艳。以颜色似之，故名。
参考资料：
1、王水照 王宜瑷．苏轼诗词选注：上海古籍出版社，1990：122-123
2、王水照 朱刚．苏轼诗词文选评：上海古籍出版社，2004：89
占春芳·红杏了创作背景
这首《占春芳》，约作于宋神宗元丰三年（1080年）三月末到四月初因乌台诗案谪居黄州时。
参考资料：
1、孔凡礼 刘尚荣．苏轼诗词选：中华书局，2005：229-230
占春芳·红杏了鉴赏
与咏梅花、咏海棠一样，苏轼以梨花自况，袒露他贬居黄州后心胸仍像洁白梨花那种旷达情怀。
上片，以反衬手法，从视角上写梨花的品格。“红杏了，夭桃尽，独自占春芳。”开头三句，以“红杏”开过了，“夭桃”谢“尽”了来衬托梨花盛开状态，交代梨花独放的暮春季节。“独”字一用，宛有万花皆离我独笑的孤姿；“占春芳”再无他花，只有此花独为大地占尽春芳，显示高洁。以红衬白，个性鲜明。“不比人间兰麝，自然透骨生香”，从嗅觉上和心态上，以反衬之笔，写梨花的自然清香和沁人脾的魅力。兰草与麝香本是花中之王和香中之首，在此与梨花相比，自然逊色多了。但他并未贬低兰麝。然而，作者巧妙地指出：兰麝怎能和“自然透骨生香”的梨花相比，进一步突出了梨花的名贵地位和观赏价值。这为下片写人埋下了隐示性的一笔。
下片，运用了正喻手法，写包括作者在内的游黄州、武昌的友人梨花般的品格。“对酒莫相忘，似佳人、兼合明光”，突出他们饮酒赏花，酒花香醉的谐谑情景。“对酒莫相忘”为领颔句，领取串连下文。喝上了酒，就会忆起这酒似歌妓“佳人”的姿色；还兼有或占尽那似酒似花的、“无花香自远”的“明光”酴醾的韵味。酒、佳人与酴醾的联系是从白色与麝香般的气味为媒体的。紧接着两句点题：“只忧长笛吹花落，除了宁王。”由上的写物而隐喻到写人，让人留恋的红杏、夭桃最后凋谢了，但最担心的是梨花，不要因时令之笛吹落；否则，担心的便是开国受命之宁王。很显然，作者以此隐寓着贤明的神宗，能否像宁王那样，不要吹落他这“梨花”。
全词笔法奇特，博喻成堆。先是以“红杏”、“夭桃”红色和凋谢反喻梨之白花和盛貌；继而以兰麝的兰黑色和沉香来正喻梨花般的白花和透骨的本质；再以上片的花物来喻隐下片的人事；下片又以酴醾般的酒、花与忆想中的“佳人”相喻，且三者融为一体，互得益彰。最后，借花抒发花与宁王息息相关的命运，来影射宋朝皇帝是否爱惜孤洁梨花般的贬臣东坡；何况苏东坡早是“酴酴醾不争春，寂寞开最晚”的齐安花了。
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吴融《
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岑参《
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优钵罗花歌》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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