北门
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两汉]：佚名
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出自北门，忧心殷殷。终窭且贫，莫知我艰。已焉哉！天实为之，谓之何哉！
王事适我，政事一埤益我。我入自外，室人交徧谪我。已焉哉！天实为之，谓之何哉！
王事敦我，政事一埤遗我。我入自外，室人交徧摧我。已焉哉！天实为之，谓之何哉！
北门译文及注释
译文
我从北门出城去，心中烦闷多忧伤。既受困窘又贫寒，没人知我艰难样。既然这样算了吧，都是老天安排定，我有什么办法想！
王家差事派给我，衙门公务也增加。我从外面回到家，家人纷纷将我骂。既然这样算了吧，都是老天安排定，我有什么好办法！
王家差事逼迫我，衙门公务也派齐。我从外面回家里，家人纷纷将我讥。既然这样算了吧，都是老天安排定，我有什么好主意！
注释
邶（bèi）：中国周代诸侯国名，地在今河南省汤阴县东南。
殷殷：忧愁深重的样子。
终：王引之《经义述闻》引王念孙说：“终，犹既也。”窭（jù）：贫寒，艰窘。
已焉哉：既然这样。
谓：犹奈也，即奈何不得之意。
王事：周王的事。适（zhì）：同“擿”，扔，掷。适我，扔给我。
政事：公家的事。一：都。埤（pí）益：增加。
徧：同“遍”。讁（zhé）：谴责，责难。
敦：逼迫。
遗：交给。
摧：挫也，讥刺。
参考资料：
1、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：78-80
2、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：80-82
北门创作背景
关于《北门》一诗的历史背景及其本事，现代学者（如高亨《诗经今注》、程俊英《诗经译注）等）一般都认为这是一首小官吏不堪其苦而向人怨诉的诗。
参考资料：
1、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：78-80
2、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：80-82
北门鉴赏
这是一首小官吏诉说自己愁苦的诗。从诗的语言看，并没有“忠臣不得其志”或“安于贫仕”之意，旧说未免令人感到迂曲，今人的“怨诉”说则解释较为圆满。诗中的小官吏公事繁重苛细，虽辛勤应付，但生活依然清贫。上司非但不体谅他的艰辛，反而一味给他分派任务，使他不堪重负。辛辛苦苦而位卑禄薄，使他牢骚满腹，家人的责备更使他难堪，他深感仕路崎岖，人情浇薄，所以长吁短叹，痛苦难禁，悲愤之余，只好归之于天，安之若命。
此诗经北门开篇，自古以来，北通“背”，朱熹解读第一章开篇为“比”，就预先注明诗的主人公正面临着背时的命运。其实，从府衙北门而出，当然是背对光明而来的，自然是形象暗淡无光，精神萎靡不振。他一副忧心忡忡的样子，低着头走回家。因为无职无权，当然就要受穷了，想体面也体面不起来，其内心之黯然神伤，可想而知。但别人却不知道他的这份艰难，这个别人不只包括他的饱食终日无所用心的上司，还包括靠他糊那点薪俸养活的家人。他也自知没有本事，但又无能为力，只剩下愁眉苦脸、唉声叹气的份了。这个小官吏，甘于清贫，内外交困，穿着寒酸，愧对家人，但又如此任劳任怨，忠于王事，勤于政事，真是具有敬业精神的忠谨之士。
这首诗的主人公虽然是一名官吏，但全诗并非无病呻吟，的确体现了《诗经》“饥者歌其食，劳者歌其事”的现实主义精神。对诗中连用“我”字而蕴含的感情色彩。全诗纯用赋法，不假比兴，然而每章末尾“已焉哉，天实为之，谓之何哉”三句重复使用，大大增强了语气，深有一唱三叹之效，牛运震《诗志》认为这些句段与《古诗十九首》中“弃捐勿复道，努力加餐饭”等一样，“皆极悲愤语，勿认作安命旷达”，这是很有见地的。
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佚名《
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君子阳阳》
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佚名《
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有狐》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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猜你喜欢
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送龙门宗人殿凤山始祖墓还里
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明代：
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何文绘
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衣冠礼拜出名家，岭海重开宝树花。聚会独逢清夜月，淹留却忆旧时华。
银河远带龙潭水，霄汉光浮凤岭霞。回首故乡思雨露，年年三月泛仙槎。
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和朱少府苦雨
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宋代：
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宋祁
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滞淹连春晦，层阴接夜分。
骁壶惟发电，愁栋但生云。
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桂轩辞二章 其一
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元代：
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杨维桢
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桂树丛生兮轩之阳。沐雨露兮含风霜。王孙不归兮春草歇而不芳。轩中之人兮寿而康。
折琼枝以为佩兮餐金粟以为粮。轩中之乐兮乐无央。
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奉和刘泗英四十六岁生日感怀即步元韵辛巳
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近现代：
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常燕生
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掉臂兵丛自在行，归来依旧一书生。酒边结客千金尽，帐下翻澜四座惊。
莫惜华年今冉冉，但期民物各平平。春寒喜孕新桐熟，二月江涛撼雾城。
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诉衷情令
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宋代：
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杨炎正
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露珠点点欲团霜。分冷与纱窗。锦书不到肠断，烟水隔茫茫。
征燕尽，塞鸿翔。睇风樯。阑干曲处，又是一番，倚尽斜阳。
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写怀
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明代：
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张羽
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心上无俗事，禅余只好吟。
命穷甘白屋，身健直黄金。