周颂·丝衣
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两汉]：佚名
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丝衣其紑，载弁俅俅。自堂徂基，自羊徂牛，鼐鼎及鼒，兕觥其觩。旨酒思柔。不吴不敖，胡考之休。
周颂·丝衣译文及注释
译文
丝绸祭服白又净，戴冠样式第一流。从庙堂里到门内，祭牲用羊又用牛。大鼎小鼎食物满，兕角酒杯弯一头，美酒香醇味和柔。不喧哗也不傲慢，保佑大家都长寿。
注释
丝衣：神尸所穿的丝质白色的祭服。
紑（fóu）：洁白鲜明貌。
载：借为“戴”。弁（biàn）：古代贵族戴的鹿皮帽子。俅（qiú）俅：形容冠饰美丽的样子。一说恭顺貌。
堂：庙堂，或以为即明堂。徂（cú ）：往，到。基：通“畿（jī）”，门内、门限。
鼐（nài）：大鼎。鼒（zī）：小鼎。
兕（sì）觥（gōng）：犀牛角做的盛酒器。觩（qiú）：形容兕觥弯曲的样子。
旨酒：美酒。思：语助词，无义。柔：指酒味柔和。
吴：大声说话，喧哗。敖：通“傲”，傲慢。
胡考：即寿考，长寿之意。休：美誉，一说指福禄。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（下）：雅颂．北京：中华书局，2015：781-782
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：692-694
周颂·丝衣创作背景
这是一首记述周贵族祭毕巡视饮宴安排情况的小诗。《毛诗序》谓此篇主旨是“绎”。“绎”即“绎祭”，语出《春秋·宣公八年》：“壬午，犹绎。”此诗未有“绎祭”字样，《毛诗序》应是推测；但从诗的内容看，这个推测还是有根据的，所以尽管有人责难，但一般还是为后人所接受。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（下）：雅颂．北京：中华书局，2015：781-782
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：692-694
周颂·丝衣鉴赏
此诗首二句言祭祀之穿戴。穿的是丝衣，戴的是爵弁。丝衣一般称作纯衣，《仪礼·士冠礼》：“爵弁，服纁裳、纯衣、缁带、韎韐。”郑玄注：“纯衣，丝衣也。”弁即爵弁，“其色赤而微黑”（《仪礼·士冠礼》郑玄注），与白色的丝衣配合，成为祭祀的专用服饰。《礼记·檀弓上》曰：“天子之哭诸侯也，爵弁绖缁衣。”《毛诗序》可能就是根据这两句诗而断定此篇与祭祀有关。“俅俅”毛传训为“恭顺貌”，而《说文解字》曰：“俅，冠饰貌。”《尔雅》亦曰：“俅俅，服也。”马瑞辰《毛诗传笺通释》云：“上文紑为衣貌，则俅俅宜从《尔雅》、《说文》训为冠服貌矣。”马瑞辰的意思是首句的“紑”既为丝衣的修饰语，则二句的“俅俅”与之相应当为弁的修饰语，故训为冠饰貌，而不训恭顺貌。
三、四句言祭祀之准备。“自堂徂基”点明祭祀场所。“基”通“畿”，指庙门内。这个地方又称作“祊”（崩）。《礼记·礼器》：“设祭于堂，为祊乎外。”郑玄注：“祊祭，明日之绎祭也。谓之祊者，于庙门之旁，因名焉。”王夫之《张子正蒙注·王禘》：“求之或于室，或于祊也。于室者，正祭；于祊，绎祭。”这是正祭与绎祭区别之所在。《毛诗序》或许就是据此推断此篇是“绎”。羊、牛是用作祭祀的牺牲。
五、六句言祭祀之器具。鼎是古代的炊具，又是祭祀时盛熟牲的器具。此处无疑用作后者。鼐和鼒其实也是鼎，只是大小不同。鼐最大，用以盛牛，《说文解字》：“鼐，鼎之绝大者。”段玉裁注：“绝大谓函牛之鼎也。”鼎次之，用以盛羊，鼒最小，用以盛豕。陈奂《诗毛氏传疏》曰：“上句‘堂’‘基’‘羊’‘牛’以内外小大作俪耦，至本句变文。”也就是说，由上句的从小及大，变为此句的从大及小。“兕觥”又称爵，《诗毛氏传疏》：“兕觥为献酬宾客之爵，绎祭行旅酬（祭礼完毕后众人聚在一起宴饮称为‘旅酬’），故设兕觥焉。”
最后三句言祭后宴饮，也就是“旅酬”。这里突出的是宴饮时的气氛，不吵不闹，合乎礼仪。《小雅·桑扈》最后一章：“兕觥其觩，旨酒思柔。彼（通‘匪’）交（儌）匪敖，万福来求（聚）。”与这三句正可互相印证。
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佚名《
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商颂·殷武》
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佚名《
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小雅·斯干》
佚名简介
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